1. Dominant spanwise Fourier modes in the log and wake regions of the turbulent boundary layer Nick Hutchins, Ivan Marusic and Bharathram Ganapathisubramani Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics University of Minnesota Supported by the National Science Foundation David and Lucile Packard Foundation Perry Fest 2004 Queen’s University, Kingston

2. 45  inclined plane – axis system

13. 45  inclined plane – typical flow features

14. Plumes of low- speed fluid

15. 45  inclined plane – typical flow features Flanked by high speed regions

16. 45  inclined plane – typical flow features crowned by high speed regions

17. 45  inclined plane – example frame

26. Select reference height. z ref /  = 0.15 (z + ref = 140) z ref

27. Energetic spanwise modes in the streamwise velocity signal at z ref /  = 0.15 (z + ref = 140)

29. z /   0.75 Energetic spanwise modes in the streamwise velocity signal at z ref /  = 0.15 (z + ref = 140)

30. Two-point correlation R uu z ref /  = 0.15 (z + ref = 140)

42. Two-point correlation R uu z ref /  = 0.15 (z + ref = 140)

46. ? ??

47. But turbulence is a multi-scale problem……….. We need to De-jitter the data i.Select a PIV frame. ii.Extract the spanwise u signal at the reference height. iii.Look at the spanwise energetic modes for that particular frame. iv.‘Bin’ or sort the frame according to dominant spanwise wavenumber.

48. i. Select a PIV frame (frame 1)

49. ii. Extract the spanwise u signal at the reference height.

50. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes.

51. z /   0.6 iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (0.5 < z /  < 0.75).

52. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (0.5 < z /  < 0.75). z /   0.6

53. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (0.5 < z /  < 0.75). z /   0.6

54. i. Select a PIV frame (frame 209)

55. ii. Extract the spanwise u signal at the reference height.

56. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (1 < z /  < 1.25).

57. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. z /   1.2 iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (1 < z /  < 1.25).

58. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (1 < z /  < 1.25). z /   1.2

59. iii. Look at the spanwise energetic modes. iv. ‘Bin’ accordingly (1 < z /  < 1.25). z /   1.2

60. Binned frames according to dominant spanwise mode

61. Consider bin 0.5 < z /  < 0.75 (37% of set)

62. Calculate R uu on only those frames that fall in the 0.5 < z /  < 0.75 bin Because of the ‘sorting condition’ we would expect some ringing in the correlation at z ref = 0.2 , with an approximate lengthscale 0.5 < z /  < 0.75 However such behaviour is only prescribed by the method at z ref Beyond which any wall-normal coherence is indicative of a wider structural behaviour

63. Calculate R uu on only those frames that fall in the 0.5 < z  < 0.75 bin

64. z /   0.65

65. Calculate R uu on only those frames that fall in the 0.5 < z  < 0.75 bin y /  > 0.6

66. Consider bin 0.75 < z /  < 1.0 (21% of set) Off-peak modes

67. Calculate R uu on only those frames that fall in the 0.75 < z  < 1.0 bin

68. z /   0.90

69. Off-peak modes Consider bin 0.25 < z /  < 0.5 (24% of set)

70. Calculate R uu on only those frames that fall in the 0.25 < z  < 0.5 bin

71. z /   0.45

72. So, is the mean two-point correlation R uu a red-herring? + + + = 24% 10% 22% 37%

73. So, is the mean two-point correlation R uu a red-herring? + + + = 24% 10% 22% 37% 4 dominant modes

74. The two-point correlation R uu is a composite of four dominant modes + + + = 24% 10% 22% 37% 4 dominant modes Standard R uu

75. LSE result Conditioned on low-speed event at (0,z ref ), for the frames binned with 0.5 < z (u)/  < 0.75

76. LSE result Conditioned on low-speed event at (0,z ref ), for the frames binned with 0.5 < z (u)/  < 0.75 Note: the low-speed events are actually ejections (Q2), flanked by counter-rotating swirling motions

77. LSE result Conditioned on low-speed event at (0,z ref ), for the frames binned with 0.5 < z (u)/  < 0.75 Note: the low-speed events are actually ejections (Q2), flanked by counter-rotating swirling motions

78. LSE result Conditioned on low-speed event at (0,z ref ), for the frames binned with 0.5 < z (u)/  < 0.75 ?? Note: the low-speed events are actually ejections (Q2), flanked by counter-rotating swirling motions

79. Streamwise / spanwise plane results offer a further slice through these spanwise modes.

89. Note: general spanwise stripiness of u fluctuations.

93. Establish a reference line, and bin frames according to dominant spanwise modes. x ref

94. Binned frames according to dominant spanwise mode

96. Calculate R uu on frames that fall in the 0.5 < z  < 0.75 bin

106. Calculate R uu on frames that fall in the 0.75 < z  < 1 bin

116. Calculate R uu on frames that fall in the 0.25 < z  < 0.5 bin

126. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

127. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

128. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

129. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

130. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

131. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

132. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

133. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

134. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

135. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

136. z /   1.2 What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

137. z /   0.6 What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

138. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions.

139. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions. Large low-speed events at the origin are going to be accompanied by similar flanking events at y/  =  0.5- 0.75 with a 37% probability. 37%

140. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions. Large low-speed events at the origin are going to be accompanied by similar flanking events at y/  =  0.5- 0.75 with a 37% probability.

141. What does this mean? Instantaneously the spanwise u behaviour seems to be well described by single spanwise sinusoidal modes extending a considerable distance in the wall-normal and streamwise directions. Large low-speed events at the origin are going to be accompanied by similar flanking events at y/  =  0.5- 0.75 with a 37% probability. There is a strong spanwise periodicity associated with the largest streamwise velocity fluctuations. These velocity fluctuations are actually a slice through some wider structural coherence.

142. Further thoughts Scale growth through packet merging (Tomkins and Adrian 2003) Reynolds number scaling issues? - SLTEST – 40m spanwise coherence ??