1. Client State Management & Application Security  Client State Management  Concept  ASP Examples  Application Security  Database Based Approach  A Multi-level Security Example

2. Client State Management & Application Security  Each request from a browser is regarded as an new request  Web servers have no memory of the state of each browser (client)  Stateless problems:  No concept of client identities  Cannot track client’s identities  Stateless is not acceptable for web applications that requires client identities Stateless Characteristics of Web

3. Client State Management & Application Security Persistence Levels of Client States

4. Client State Management & Application Security  A client session starts when the first web page is requested by a browser (client)  A client session ends when the client is inactive beyond specified time out period  A client session is specific to each client  Client session variables  Used to store information shared by all pages of a specific client  Undefined after time out  Can be introduced as needed  Each client session is identified by a unique session ID Client Session Definition

5. Client State Management & Application Security  An application is a collection of dynamic web pages stored in a directory tree  An application session starts when the first page of the application is requested by any client  An application session ends after time out or web server is shut down  Application variables  Store information shared by all clients  Can be defined as needed Application Definition

6. Client State Management & Application Security  Defined by a special page named as global.asa  Provides two events  application_onStart -- occurs when the application is visited first time by a client  application_onEnd -- occurs when the application is shut down ASP Application Sessions

7. Client State Management & Application Security  More than one client may modify an application variable concurrently  To allow only one client to change the application variable, locks can be used application.Lock application(“accountID”) = “123-876” application(“clientName”) = “John Smith”> application.unlock Application Variable Changes

8. Client State Management & Application Security  Global.asa can contains two additional events:  Session_onStart -- when a session starts  Session_onEnd -- when a session is timed out  Session object properties  session.sessionID  session.timeout  seesion.codePage  session.LCID  Session object methods:  sessesion.abandon - stops a session ASP Session Variables

9. Client State Management & Application Security  Client sessions rely on cookies to work properly  When cookies are disabled, client sessions are lost  Web applications must  Detect whether cookies are set correctly  If cookies are not set correctly, should either stop the process and request the user to accept the cookies  If cookies are not acceptable solution, web applications must manage their own client sessions  Database can be used to store persistent client information Pros and Cons

10. Client State Management & Application Security  Requires no cookies  Use a database to  Keep user ID and password  Maintain a client session log table to track each page access by each client  At the first access  User enters assigned ID and password  System validate the ID and password  If no match, asks the user to log in again  If matches, create a client session log entry to include:  A system generated session key  User ID A Client State Management Example

11. Client State Management & Application Security  Access time  Pass the session key to the initial page  Subsequence visits:  Obtain the session key  Query the session log table to see if any entry matches the session key  If not found, request the user to log in first  If found, update the log table on the last access time  Pass the session key to the page The Example (Continued)

12. Client State Management & Application Security Client State Management Processes

13. Client State Management & Application Security A Multiple-Level Security Example  Different users have different access authorization  Need a centralized client session and security management

14. Client State Management & Application Security An Solution  Need an administration page for each type of users  Create a capability table to define the pages each user is allowed to access  Validate user’s log in and determine the user’s capability  Dynamically create the administration page based on the capability to include only links to pages the user is allowed to access

15. Client State Management & Application Security The Security Database Model

16. Client State Management & Application Security Summary  Client state management is an important task  Persistence of client state information is different from the type of client sessions  Client state management provided by application servers usually relies on cookies  Cookies-less approach should be used if cookies are not acceptable