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Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director,

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Presentation on theme: "Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director,"— Presentation transcript:

1 cse@buffalo Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director, SNePS Research Group Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary MS in Computational Linguistics Fellow, AAAI

2 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro2 Long-Term Goal Theory and Implementation of Natural-Language-Competent Computerized Cognitive Agent/Robot and Supporting Research in Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science Computational Linguistics.

3 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro3 Cassie A computational cognitive agent –Embodied in hardware –or Software-Simulated –Based on SNePS and GLAIR.

4 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro4 Cassie as a Wumpus World Agent From: Stuart C. Shapiro and Michael Kandefer, A SNePS Approach to The Wumpus World Agent or Cassie Meets the Wumpus. In Leora Morgenstern and Maurice Pagnucco, Eds., IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action, and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes, IJCAII, Edinburgh, 2005, 96-103.A SNePS Approach to The Wumpus World Agent or Cassie Meets the Wumpus

5 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro5 : perform get(gold) No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room...

6 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro6 I am in room (1, 0), facing east No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room...

7 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro7

8 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro8 I am in room (1, 1), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room...

9 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro9

10 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro10 I am in room (0, 1), facing west No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Found a safe room...

11 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro11

12 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro12 I am in room (0, 2), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

13 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro13

14 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro14 Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

15 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro15 Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

16 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro16

17 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro17 Exploring the cave... Found a safe room...

18 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro18 I am in room (2, 0), facing east I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

19 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro19

20 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro20 Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

21 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro21 Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

22 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro22

23 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro23 Exploring the cave... Visiting an old room... This is boring.

24 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro24

25 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro25 Exploring the cave... I'll chance a move...

26 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro26 I am in room (1, 2), facing south No breeze here. I'm grabbing for the gold. No stench here. I'm going home!

27 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro27

28 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro28

29 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro29

30 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro30

31 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro31 Score = 966.

32 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro32 Important SNePS Features 1 First-person beliefs –Not third-person “truth” about agent or world Beliefs are current beliefs –Even if about the past On-line acting Reified propositions as well as acts & … Neither states nor times are privileged

33 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro33 Important SNePS Features 2 SNeRE acts with operational semantics –External acts: go(right) do(grab) senseFor(breeze) –Control acts: snsequence(go(right), go(right)) –Mental acts: believe(p) disbelieve(p)

34 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro34 Important SNePS Features 3 SNeRE policies integrate reasoning & acting –whendo(See(glitter), do(grab)) –ActPlan(find(home), snif({if(In(cell(0,0)), do(stop)), else(…)}))

35 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro35 Important SNePS Features 4 Use of SNePS andor connective and belief revision for state constraints: andor(1,1){Facing(north), Facing(south), Facing(east), Facing(west)} Facing(east) => ~Facing(north), ~Facing(south), ~Facing(west) believe(Facing(south)) Facing(south), ~Facing(north), ~Facing(east), ~Facing(west)

36 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro36 Important SNePS Features 5 Nondeterministic Choice ~Have(gold) =>(all(r1)(In(r1) => ActPlan(explore(cave), withsome({?r2, ?d1}, SafeNewRoom(r1, ?r2, ?d1), snsequence3(turn(?d1), move(forward), believe(Bored(0))), ))))

37 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro37 Important SNePS Features 6 Numerical Quantifier wheneverdo(Feel(breeze), withsome/3(?r, In(?r), believe(nexists(1,4,4)(c)({Adjacent(?r,c)}: {Contains(c,pit)}))))

38 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro38 Agents in a Virtual Reality Drama Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, The Trial The Trail, Act 3: A Virtual Reality Drama Using Intelligent Agents. In R. Michael Young & John Laird, Eds., Proceedings of the First Annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 157-158.The Trial The Trail, Act 3: A Virtual Reality Drama Using Intelligent AgentsArtificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment(AIIDE-05)AAAI Press Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, MGLAIR Agents in Virtual and other Graphical Environments, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 1704-1705.MGLAIR Agents in Virtual and other Graphical EnvironmentsAAAI Press

39 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro39 Bad guy agents hassling a human participant SNePS Multi-Agents

40 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro40 Reconsideration Frances L Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro, Dependency-Directed Reconsideration: Belief Base Optimization for Truth Maintenance Systems, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 313-320.

41 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro41 Reconsideration Example KB1s, d Add and make consistent  (s  d)s  d KB2  (s  d)s, d, s  d Add and make consistent s  d  (s  d) KB3 s  ds, d, s  d Credibility order: s  d >  (s  d) > s > d

42 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro42 p ~q pqpq ~v w m ~r pvpv prpr mrmr {p,p  q,~q} {w  v,w,~v} {m  r,~r,m} s ~t n stst {s,s  t,~t} {p,p  r,~r} {p,p  v,~v} wvwv DDR Graph ~p {~p,p} {p,p  q,~q} ~q {p,p  r,~r} ~r {~p,p} {p,p  v,~v} ~v

43 cse@buffalo Research OverviewS. C. Shapiro43 For More Information Shapiro: http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~shapiro/ http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~shapiro/ SNePS Research Group: http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/sneps/ http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/sneps/ –Meets Tuesdays 9-11, 45 Baldy Hall –Join us!

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