1. Oceans, Water on Earth, Seafloor, and Bathymetry size/shape/rotation of Earth is fundamental to ocean dynamics - interesting to know history of Earth’s geometry - dimensions of ocean basins important to their oceanography - distribution of land is important as well - need to know about water, of course! Geography 104 - “Physical Geography of the World’s Oceans”

2. world map 450 BC – Herodotus (484-425 BC)

3. Johannes Schöner (1477-1547) German globe maker; map circa 1520

4. world’s oceans Southern Ocean officially adopted in 2000 by the International Hydrographic Organization ~155x10 6 km 2 ~14x10 6 km 2 ~68x10 6 km 2 ~76x10 6 km 2 ~20x10 6 km 2

5. http://www.cerfacs.fr/globc/links/pictures/southocean.html Southern Ocean http://fstec.fjkjt.gov.cn/worldmap/norm_htm/southocean.htm Including “marginal seas”

6. Arctic OceanSouthern Ocean surrounded by Eurasia and North America encircles the Antarctic warm ocean moderates frigid land icy landmass feeds cold ocean fresh rivers feed the Arctic Ocean melting glaciers feed the SO ice forms at center of the Arctic ice forms along coastline sea ice decrease fast sea ice decrease slow

7. percentage of land and water in each 10° latitude band

8. ocean volumes and areas Very confusing

10.  formal introduction to the Earth’s geometry and maps next up: water on Earth, seafloor, bathymetry then finally: oceanography!

12. atmosphere ~0.001% rivers/lakes ~0.04% groundwater ~0.36% glaciers/land ice ~1.6% oceans/sea ice ~97.9% Source: Gleick, P. H., 1996: Water resources. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, ed. by S. H. Schneider, Oxford University Press, New York. where’s the water on Earth?

13. hypsographic curve abyssal plains

14. coastal settlement and sea level sea level stabilization “urban transition” Figures from Eos research article. “we hypothesize that…”

15. sea level rise and human populations

16. 6 m sea level rise

17. Santa Barbara and sea level rise

18. IPCC [2007] Global Climate Change Sea level rise 1870 to 2007 = ~20 cm (~8 inches) ΔT 1860 to 2007 = ~0.8 C (~1.25 F) IPCC reports: 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007

19. Readings for next time (Seafloor): Read Chapter 4 “Seafloor Features”; article “Emergence of Complex Societies After Sea Level Stabilized”; article “Risk of Rising Sea Level to Population and Land Area”