1. Planning for tourism growth

2. Tourism Planning Objectives
1. Describe the consequences of unplanned development of tourism.
2. Explain the reasons for tourism planning.
3. Identify the barriers to tourism planning.
4. Explain the purposes of tourism planning.
5. Describe the steps in the tourism planning process.

3. What is tourism planning?
Planning is not the appropriate assembly of parts; it is the management of the process of change (G. Rich)
What you do to prevent the undesirable effects of change, while promoting the desirable ones” T.L. Burton
The process whereby man deliberately sets out to influence and control his environment so as to improve the quality of his/her life”.

4. Rationale for Tourism Planning
1. Tourism development can generate both negative and positive impacts.
2. Tourism is more competitive than ever before and destinations need to plan to be positioned in the marketplace, to capture market share and to protect the resources it depends upon.
3. Tourism activity influences the lives of residents and the structures present in communities and needs to be integrated with official community plans.

5. Reasons for Tourism Planning
4. Without planning, tourism activity has damaged many natural and cultural resources.
5. Tourism affects everyone in a community and all people involved in tourism should participate in the tourism planning process.

6. The Destination Life Cycle
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline
Rejuvenation
Butler & Waldbrook. (1991)

7. Consequences of Unplanned Tourism Development
Physical impacts
Human impacts
Marketing impacts
Economic impacts
Loss or decline of tourism contributions and an increase in issues associated to its development

8. Barriers to Tourism Planning
1. The objections to the principle of tourism planning.
2. The costs of conducting tourism planning processes can be high.
3. The complexity of tourism and the large number of government agencies involved.
4. The diversity of tourism definitions and ways of classifying the industry.
5. The lack of knowledge with how to plan or integrate plans with tourism.
6. The high ownership turnover in tourism businesses.

9. Purposes of Tourism Planning
1. Identifying alternative approaches.
2. Adapting to the unexpected.
3. Maintaining uniqueness.
4. Creating the desirable.
5. Avoiding the undesirable.
Press releases on anticipation of Tourism plans
Carlsbad, California
Pocono Mountains Vacation Bureau
Jamaica
Juneau, Alaska

10. Common Pool resources
Tourism resources are “common pool” resources meaning they are owned, used and managed by multiple stakeholders.

11. Roles and Responsibilities in Tourism Planning
Groups that should be involved:
1. Government tourism officials.
2. Local community residents.
3. Non-profit organization representatives.
4. Other government agency officials.
5. Tourism organization representatives.
6. Tourism business operators.
7. Tourism consultants.

12. Management objectives for tourism resources
Equity
Sustainability
Efficiency
Resiliency
Bosselman, Peterson and McCarthy (1999)

13. Steps in the Tourism Planning Process
1. Background analysis
2. Detailed research and analysis
3. Synthesis and visioning
4. Goal-setting, strategy selection, and objective-setting
5. Plan development
6. Plan implementation and monitoring
7. Plan evaluation
See Article by Stynes and O’Halloran

14. Requirements for planning
community support and commitment,
political support and commitment e.g. policy,
integration of planning frameworks at all levels,
assembly of appropriate expertise/skill-base,
access to necessary resources,
financial support.
UNESCO/UNDP Ulugan Bay Project, 2000

15. Tourism Master Plans Examples in action Curacao Jamaica Buffalo City
Maldives
China
Western Region of Kenya

16. Characteristics of successful strategies
Define the boundaries clearly
Identify the players
Adding players
Limiting the players
Let the players make the rules
The convener
Forums for participation
The focus of discussions
Power disparities
Localize the rules as much as possible
Give the players a sense of permanence
Monitor and mediate violations efficiently but effectively
Bosselman, Peterson and McCarthy (1999)

17. Tourism Planning Terminology
1. Position statements
2. Vision statements
3. Goals
4. Strategies
5. Objectives

18. Growth management strategies
Some strategies focus on the quality of development usually with the objective of encouraging only development that meets certain standards

19. Other strategies manage the quantity of development by regulating the rate of growth or ultimate capacity for development.

20. And many strategies emphasize the location of development by expanding or contracting existing areas that attract growth or by diverting the growth to new areas.

21. The role of the market, local norms and the law
Three different approaches to growth management
Let the market determine growth
Let the local norms determine development
Let the law monitor and enforce growth

22. Resources on tourism planning
Tourism Planning by Styne’s and O’Halloran
What to consider in tourism planning by Kelly
Planning, Policy and Tourism reference list