1. Relationship of Cloud Water Budgets to Heating Profile Calculations Austin and Houze 1973 Houze et al. 1980 Houze 1982 Relationship of Cloud Water Budgets to Heating Profile Calculations Austin and Houze 1973 Houze et al. 1980 Houze 1982 17-19 May 2006, Seattle

2. Austin and Houze 1973 Houze et al. 1980 PREMISE Measure rain amount as a function of radar Echo Heights --> Large-scale Mass Transport Profile (aka LH) Austin and Houze 1973 Houze et al. 1980 PREMISE Measure rain amount as a function of radar Echo Heights --> Large-scale Mass Transport Profile (aka LH)

3. Houze 1982 PREMISE Can also relate eddy & radiative heating profiles to water budget to obtain latent + eddy + radiative heating Houze 1982 PREMISE Can also relate eddy & radiative heating profiles to water budget to obtain latent + eddy + radiative heating

4. Tropical MCSs inject lots of hydrometeors into upper troposphere Idealized life cycle of tropical MCS as proposed by Houze 1982

5. Conv. LHStrat. LH Rad. Conv. Eddy Strat. Eddy Contributions to Total Heating by Convective Cloud System

6. TOTAL HEATING These combine to give “top-heavy” heating profile Houze 1982 idealized case

7. Think of the following schematic as a composite of the water budget of an MCS over its whole life cycle After Houze et al. (1980) AcAc AsAs

8. AsAs AcAc Stratiform water budget equation Rain not simply related to condensation

9. AsAs Cloud radar  A s Precip radar  R s Doppler & soundings  A s, C su, C T Water budget parameters could be measured

10. AsAs AcAc Convective region water budget equation

11. AsAs AcAc Sum over all cloud height categories i For each height category i with the constraint (each height cat.)

12. AsAs AcAc  X AC  Z AC  Z AS Dimensions and hydrometeor content of anvils are determined by the cloud dynamics and are related to the radiative heating profiles * * * * * * *

13. Summary Latent, eddy, and radiative heating are interrelated through the water budget of the precipitating cloud system. Profiles of latent heating estimated by spectral methods are not independent of eddy and radiative heating profiles. Water budget parameters can be used to establish the internal consistency of latent eddy and radiative heating profiles. Latent, eddy, and radiative heating are interrelated through the water budget of the precipitating cloud system. Profiles of latent heating estimated by spectral methods are not independent of eddy and radiative heating profiles. Water budget parameters can be used to establish the internal consistency of latent eddy and radiative heating profiles.

14. Thank you!

15. Extra Slides:

16. In TWP-ICE we are subdividing the anvil into mixed and ice anvils

17. 13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E131˚E 6060 5353 4646 3939 3232 2525 1818 1 4 dB Z 20 January 2006 0000UTC 6 km 13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E 131˚E 6060 5353 4646 3939 3232 2525 1818 1 4 dB Z 20 January 2006 0900UTC 6 km 13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E 131˚E 6060 53 46 39 32 25 18 11 4 dBZ 20 January 2006 1800UTC 6 km Example from TWP-ICE dBZ 20 2200 19Jan06 0000 20Jan06 0200 20Jan06 0400 20Jan06 0600 20Jan06 0800 20Jan06 1000 20Jan06 1200 20Jan06 1400 20Jan06 1600 20Jan06 1800 20Jan06 2000 20Jan06 28 21 14 7 0 -7 -14 -21 -28 ATTENUATED Height (km) 4 8 12 16 0 Cloud Radar Precipitation Radar

18. TWP-ICE Precipitation Radar Rain Rate (~20 % stratiform) TWP-ICE Cloud Radar Anvil Frequency Longer-term records of the water budget parameters also are being derived. Figures here are for duration of TWP-ICE. This will also be done for a longer-term climatology. We will use cloud & precipitation radars permanently located at Darwin.

19. Could use empirically derived water budget parameters b and  s, to estimate the stratiform regions’ anvil mass proportional to the SF rain: A s =(bR s )/  s Could use empirically derived water budget parameters b and  s, to estimate the stratiform regions’ anvil mass proportional to the SF rain: A s =(bR s )/  s 200 hPa streamfunction response to CRF assumed proportional to TRMM rain by Schumacher et al. (2004) 400 hPa K/day Looking at it the other way around: Whatever latent heating budget is derived from the TRMM precip info must be internally consistent with the radiative heating profiles For example