1. Tuesday, January 25, 20001 Management of Information Systems: 45-870 Mini-3 Spring 2000

2. Tuesday, January 25, 20002 Agenda Announcements and Reminders Technology Byte Presentations Computer Software: Concepts and Trends The Software Development Process Web Page Design and Coding FrontPage Demo (Cont’d) HTML Basics

3. Tuesday, January 25, 20003 Announcements Technology Byte Presentations Today (1/25): Section A: CyberCoast, Calc.com, WHJ Consultants Section B: Y2K, The Mob Thursday (1/27): Section A: E-Team, Tigers Section B: E-Sales, The Masters IT Exercise I Due on Thursday (1/27)

4. Tuesday, January 25, 20004 The Information Technology Platform: Building Blocks HARDWARE SOFTWARE & DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS

5. Tuesday, January 25, 20005 Software Trivia Who is considered to be the first computer programmer?

6. Tuesday, January 25, 20006 COMPUTER SOFTWARE HARDWARE HARDWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM: SCHEDULES COMPUTER EVENTS, ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTS LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS: INTERPRETERS COMPILERS UTILITY PROGRAMS: ROUTINE OPERATIONS MANAGE DATA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; “FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES

7. Tuesday, January 25, 20007 General- Purpose Application Programs General- Purpose Application Programs Application- Specific Programs Application- Specific Programs System Management Programs System Management Programs System Development Programs System Development Programs Application Software System Software System Software Computer Software Computer Software Types of Computer Software

8. Tuesday, January 25, 20008 Resource Management Resource Management Task Management Task Management User Interface User Interface File Management File Management Utilities and Other Functions Utilities and Other Functions Functions of an Operating System

9. Tuesday, January 25, 20009 Operating Systems Examples: Windows, Windows-NT, Linux, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Unix, OS/2 Why should managers care about operating systems?

10. Tuesday, January 25, 200010 Machine Languages: Use Binary Coded Instructions Assembler Languages: Use Symbolic Coded Instructions (e.g., Assembler) High-Level Languages: Use Brief Statements or Arithmetic Notation (e.g., COBOL, PL/1, Fortran) Fourth-Generation Languages: Object-Oriented Languages: Use Combinations of Objects (e.g., Java, C++, VisualBasic) Use Natural and Nonprocedural Statements (e.g., SQL) Types of Programming Languages

11. Tuesday, January 25, 200011 Examples of Commands in Different Levels of Languages Machine Language: 1010 11001 1011 11010 1100 11011 Assembler Language: LOD Y ADD Z STR X High-Level Languages: X = Y + Z 4 th Generation Languages: Sum the following numbers….

12. Tuesday, January 25, 200012 Language Translation Process Language Translation Process Source Program Machine Language Object Program Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc. Language Translator Program Compiler Interpreter Assembler The Language Translation Process

13. Tuesday, January 25, 200013 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING COMBINES DATA & PROCEDURES INTO A SINGLE OBJECT PROGRAM SENDS MESSAGE TO OBJECT TO PERFORM EMBEDDED PROCEDURE OBJECT’S DATA ENCAPSULATED FROM REST OF SYSTEM CREATES REUSABLE CODE REDUCES TIME AND COST OF WRITING SOFTWARE

14. Tuesday, January 25, 200014 Examples of Object Classes Class Name Attributes Methods

15. Tuesday, January 25, 200015 First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation User-Written Programs Machine Languages Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages Operating Systems High-Level Languages DBMS Fourth- Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools Trends in Programming Languages

16. Tuesday, January 25, 200016 Programming Languages Why should managers care about programming languages?

17. Tuesday, January 25, 200017 Development Product: Operational System Development Product: Operational System Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Design Product: System Specifications Design Product: System Specifications Maintenance Product: Improved System Maintenance Product: Improved System Understand the Business Problem or Opportunity Develop a Software Solution Implement the Software Solution Software Development Cycle

18. Tuesday, January 25, 200018 Organizational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility Operational Feasibility Investigation

19. Tuesday, January 25, 200019 Data Design Data Design User Interface Design User Interface Design Process Design Process Design Analysis & Design

20. Tuesday, January 25, 200020 Development Alternatives Buy a package (or an object!) Develop software code Prototyping CASE tools

21. Tuesday, January 25, 200021 Use and Maintain the Accepted System Use and Maintain the Accepted System Identify an End User's Information Requirements Identify an End User's Information Requirements Develop Information System Prototypes Develop Information System Prototypes Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Prototyping Cycle Maintenance Cycle Prototyping

22. Tuesday, January 25, 200022 Planning Toolset Analysis Toolset Design Toolset Information Integrator Workstation Repositories Code Generation Toolset Database Generation Toolset System Interface Server Repository CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering

23. Tuesday, January 25, 200023 Development Managerial Concerns Cost/Budget Cycle Time Schedule Errors

24. Tuesday, January 25, 200024 Maintenance Coding done after software implemented Average software systems life = 10 years Managerial concerns: Cost of maintenance When to repair, enhance, or replace?