1. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs A Presentation by Lisa Weissbard and Barbara Young 10/25/2004

2. “The technical is socially constructed and the social is technically constructed.” – Wiebe Bijker

3. Looking Back and Looking Ahead: from Mumford to Bijker  1920s Mumford and others rage against the Machine  1950s History of Technology becomes a formal academic specialty; SHOT forms in 1958SHOT  1960sContextual approach  1970sSTS gains momentum

4. Bijker’s Case Studies BicyclesBakeliteBulbs Time period1860-18901880-19201930-1945 Disciplinary background Mechanical engineering Chemical engineering Electrical engineering MarketConsumerIndustrialHybrid Technological Frame No dominant tech. frame 1 dominant tech. frame More than 1 powerful tech. frame

5. Tentative list of Elements of a Technological Frame (table 3.1) Goals Key Problems Problem-solving strategies Requirements to be met by problem solutions Current theories Tacit knowledge Testing procedures Design methods and criteria Users’ practice Perceived substitution function Exemplary artifacts

6. Vocabulary Relevant Social Groups Technological Frame Interpretive Flexibility –Closure –Stabilization Seamless web Boundary objects

7. Storage Technology: More is Less Univac Soyo Cigar HD20

8. The Intermezzo Narrative Baekeland had become interested in the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde in about 1902, two years after establishing his private laboratory at Snug Rock. This was probably one of his reasons for hiring Nathaniel Thurlow as a research assistant in December 1904, for previously Thurlow had been involved in studying phenolic bodies. First they familiarized themselves, by reading publications and through experimentation, with the state of the art… (pg. 148) The case of contemporaneous membership in different relevant social groups, and thus involvement in different technological frames at the same time, is more interesting. It is to describe this situation that I propose the concept of “inclusion in a technological frame.” The degree of inclusion of an actor in a technological frame indicates to what extent the actor’s interactions are structured by that technological frame. If an actor has a high degree of inclusion, this means that she thinks, acts, and interacts to a large extent in terms of that technological frame. (pg. 143) Theory

9. The Safety Cap From “The lid that flies off and lands under the radiator.” --Quote attributed to Dr. John Mauchly, also inventor of the Univac to “I can’t get this damn US Patent 5,449,078 safety cap off.”