1. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 1 MICE Introduction Scientific Goals and How MICE operates

2. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 2 Why MICE? Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->), the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration. International workshops: NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France) NUFACT 00 (Montery, California) NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan) NUFACT 02 (London, UK) NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA)................... NUFACT10 (Mumbai,India) 20Oct10  Neutrino Factory is the ultimate tool for study of Neutrino Oscillations -- unique source of high energy e --reach/sensitivity better by order(s) of magnitude wrt other techniques (e.g. super-beams) for    ** matter effects ** *** leptonic CP violation *** **** e   and   **** NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient in the leading explanations for the mystery of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe    e + e   unique source of high-E e ‘s _

3. Alain Blondel Groupe Neutrino Université de Genève T2KK: T2K 1.66 MW beam to 270 kton fid volume Water Cherenkov detectors in Japan (295km) and in Korea (1050 km); DUSEL: a WBB from Fermilab to a 300 kton WC in Dusel (1300km); SPL 4 GeV, EU-BB and BB+SPL: CERN to Fréjus (130km) project; NF bl is the Neutrino Factory baseline (4000km and 7000km baselines) and NF Py+INO represents the concrete baseline from CERN to Pyhasalmi mine in Finland (2285 km) and to INO in India (7152 km); PS2-Slanic is a preliminary superbeam study at 1500km based on an upgrade of PS2 to 1.66MW and a 100kton Liquid Argon TPC CERN – SPC panel report, SPC meeting, 16.03.2010 Figure 2 A representative compilation of sensitivities of some future long baseline projects. Here the fraction of  CP where CP violation can be observed at 3 standard deviations is plotted as a function of  13.

4. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 4 High-power target. 4MW. good transmission MERIT experiment (CERN) Major challenges tackled by R&D expts Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL) Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG) EMMA (Daresbury)

5. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 5 IONIZATION COOLING principle: this will surely work..! Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision. Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle A delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam) Can it be built? What performance can one get? state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. reality (simplified) ….maybe…

6. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 6 Quantities to be measured in a cooling experiment equilibrium emittance = 2.5 mm cooling effect at nominal input emittance ~10% curves for 23 MV, 3 full absorbers, particles on crest Measurements of TRANSMISSION EMITTANCE REDUCTION EQUILIBRIUM EMITTANCE for the standard Study II optics are the main deliverables beam line can deliver 3,,6,,10 mm (see Marco’s talk) other values can be reached by offline culling or reweighting

7. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 7  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 KL, EMR RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as  out /  in ) = 10 -3 never done before either…

8. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 8 Emittance measurement Each spectrometer + TOF station measures 6 parameters per particle x y t x’ = dx/dz = P x /P z y’ = dy/dz = P y /P z t’ = dt/dz =E/P z Determines, for an ensemble (sample) of N particles, the moments: Averages etc… Second moments: variance(x)  x 2 = 2 > etc… covariance(x)  xy = > Covariance matrix M = M = Evaluate emittance with: Compare  in with  out Getting at e.g.  x’t’ is essentially impossible is essentially impossible with multiparticle bunch with multiparticle bunch measurements measurements  single muon expt

9. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 9 less than 10 -3 difference between true and reconstructed Sci-fi simulation of the measurement includes noise dead channels etc.. (Malcolm Ellis et al) simulations of step VI and emittance measurements have been performed since a long time…. Now tracker has been built … and matches requirements M. Ellis et al, http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3491 http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3491 resolution 440 microns

10. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 10 These dates will be revised in fall 2010 see Andy Nichols talk

11. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 11 There is a full CAD drawing for each MICE step… all the way to step VI! (detectors, cables, couplers, etc… are not shown)

12. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 12 University of Sofia, Bulgaria The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan NIKHEF, The Netherlands CERN Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield, Warwick UK Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Chicago Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, Muons Inc. USA THE MICE COLLABORATION -130 collaborators- since March 2010 Y. K. Kim and coll.

13. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 13  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0, TOF 1 Cherenkovs Trackers 1 & 2 Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2, KL EMR RF cavitiesRF power Spectrometer solenoid 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils MICE Collaboration across the planet

14. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 14 FUNDING The MICE project is approved and funded for all partners (except Bulgaria) -- Funding is subject to proposals/approvals with finite duration in a number of cases STFC approval/commitment to step VI but yearly review/atributions DOE 5 years plan + yearly attribution NSF: three year approval CH: 2 years proposals INFN review yearly main worry/difficulty across the project is shortage of manpower -- magnet expertise -- control room experts -- scientific/analysis manpower not helped by technical delays

15. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 15 Other important by-products along the way -- at step III, a spool piece allows easy insertion of slabs of solid materials to measure precisely their effect on beam emittance -- will test materials relevant to neutrino factory LiH, Carbon, Aluminum Titanium etc… (and simply plastic) (this could conceivably be done in step IV – will be discussed at CM28) -- at step IV and above, optics in FC can be explored to allow smaller beta functions (down to 5cm at 140 MeV/c) to test flip vs non-flip mode -- at step IV a wedge absorber can be tested in place of a flat piece to study effect of -- at step V and VI can test cavities with LN2 cooling to allow higher gradient (X V2) with same power

16. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 16 The specificities of MICE: MICE is a collaboration of accelerator physicists and particle physics experimenters MICE is international Hardware responsibilities: collaborators pay for what they provide. There exist collaborations for specific items: ex: Tracker is a collaboration between UK, US, Japan absorbers are a US-Japan collaboration EMR is a GVA-Como-Trieste-Fermilab collaboration There are no collaboration-wide shared expenses as could be found in large experimental collaborations and there is no common ‘bank’. Common fund is used to pay for consumables and contribution to MICE Hall personnel A few MOU’s have already been signed -- RF sources from Berkeley -- PSI solenoid -- RAL Fermilab MOU A more global MOU is under preparation (M. Bonesini) The software, analysis etc… are freely shared items.

17. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 17 Status of MICE Steps Color code Ready and operational Funded, under construction and essentially under control Funded, but late or problems/risks involved funded but major technical problem not funded

18. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 18 Very few changes of responsibilities since MICE proposal Most notable ones: 1.Spectrometer solenoids were taken up from INFN-Genoa to LBNL in fall 2005 2. EMR was taken up from INFN-Trieste to Geneva in Jan 2009

19. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 19  Apr09|Sep10 STEP I Muon beam lineresponsibility 2 dipoles 9 quads, PS, controlsRAL, DL Decay solenoidPSI Decay solenoid cryo and PS, controlsRAL Target systemSheffield, DL,RAL Target in ISIS success! New targets under construction – not closed Hall infra., shielding, beam stopRAL detectors TOF0 and TOF1MIB INFN, GVA CKOV A,BMississipi KL calorimeterRoma3 INFN Front end electronics, DAQ, triggerGVA, INFN Control roomMICE-UK SoftwareMICE collab. Beam monitorsFNAL, ICL, GVA Detector cabling and installationRAL, DL data taking and analysis

20. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 20 Q3-Q4 2011 STEP II/III/III.1 infrastructure RAL Trackers UK, USA, JP Spectrometer SolenoidI&II LBNL Magnetic measurements Fermilab or CERN- under discussion Magnetic probes NIKHEF TOF2 and TOF shielding INFN MIB, GVA Spool piece GVA Absorbers (LiH…) FNAL Software MICE EMR muon ranger GVA,FNAL, Trieste/Milano prototyped, under construction Power sub-station upgrade RAL, DL under procurement Safety equipment RAL, DL PPS  Sept 2010 Apr09|Sep10

21. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 21 STEP IV Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and controls RAL Focus coil magnet RAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurements CERN under discussion Liquid hydrogen absorber and instrumentation KEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows Mississippi Software MICE Apr09|Sep10

22. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 22 STEP V 2012-2013 RF in Mag fied R&DMUCOOL NFMCCdelayed by CC-0 RF cavities (1+4)LBNL 2 Coupling coils (MUCOOL+ MICE CCI)ICST-HIT, LBNLsolution in progress. CCI Magnetic measurementsCERN (Discussion) RF Power sources parts 4+4MWCERN, LBNL RF refurbishment 4+4 MWCERN, DL RF infrastructure 4 cavitiesDL, RALLayout drawn Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure (II)RAL Focus coil magnet IIRAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurementsUK Liquid hydrogen absorber IIKEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows IIMississippi RF ShieldFermilabconstruction at FNAL Software, controlsMICE (needs to design controls of cooling channel) Apr09|Sep10

23. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 23 STEP VI >2013 RF cavities (4)LBNL Coupling coil (MICE CCII)ICST-HIT, LBNL CCII Magnetic measurementsCERN(discussion) RF infrastructure 4 cavitiesDL, RAL Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure (III)RAL Focus coil magnet IIIRAL, Oxford FC Magnetic measurementsUK Liquid hydrogen absorber IIIKEK Liquid Hydrogen and safety windows IIIMississippi Software, controls(needs to design controls of cooling chanel) Apr09|Sep10

24. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 24 EMR plane (Geneva) RF Amplifier (Daresbury) RF cavities (Berkeley) Coupling coil forged mandrel (Harbin China) absorber windows (Mississippi) LiqH2 absorber (KEK) MICE is a fantastic world-wide team effort! Diffuser mechanism (Oxford)

25. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 25 MICE Organization Collaboration board 1 rep/institute elects spokesperson reviews EB activity votes on decisions prepared by EB and CF chair: Alan Bross (FNAL) Executive Board 12 spokesperson: A.Blondel deputy M. Zisman (LBNL) Project manager software coord. analysis coord. reps from UK,US,EU,JP manages collaboration life nominates personels reports to CB Technical Board 12 Project manager: A.Nichols (RAL) management of project and Common Fund reports to EB +spokesperson +deputy +software coord. +level 2 WBS coordinators enforces design and safety reviews change control documents exp.design Editorial board Dan Kaplan IIT Speakers bureau V. Palladino (INFN) Analysis forum Chair J.Cobb (Oxford) controls quality of publications proposes publication policy solicits talks at conferences and proposes speakers 3 ~3 24 3 collaboration meetings/yr 1 video conf/month ~meetings/year in red

26. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 26 MICE OPERATIONS the MICE Operations Managers (MOM’s) are experienced MICE physicists who take a continuous rota at RAL (3-4 weeks at a time) to supervise MICE operations. delegation of safety from MICE project Manager (Andy Nichols) delegation of physics objectives from Spokesperson (AB) Work intensive and very demanding, during shutdowns and installation phases and even more during running phases. System has been in place since late 2007. For running periods: -- two shifters in the control room -- people in charge of relevant sub-components ensure on-call presence -- beam line expert (BLOC) on call Very nice results in Sept-December 2009 and June-August 2010

27. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 27 Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before) 1. Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient (16 MV/m) in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH 2 ), breakdowns see A. Bross 2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH 2 in vicinity of RF cavities) see M. Hills 3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10 -3 in environment of RF bkg And… 4. Obtaining funding and resources for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab

28. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 28 Further challenges (I) MAGNETS MICE magnets are all made under a similar principle, based on independent cooling of each magnet with cryocoolers Decided early in the MICE history (2004) to save cost and improve spending profile (avoid front-loading UK project with a large cryo-infrastructure) Also makes magnets modular and allows testing at production place. Several failed attempts with first magnets (Spectrometer solenoids at LBNL) have shown this to be very demanding on magnet design and execution

29. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 29 MICE magnets 1.given that all MICE magnets are concerned by the design it is important to understand the issues associated with the Spectrometer solenoids and their solutions (  thermal model and instrumentation are essential) 2. Problem is now taken VERY SERIOUSLY by LBNL management and team has been considerably re-inforced 3.  we are missing an important piece in the MICE system: a MICE-wide magnet expert (replacement of M. Green who is retired) Help is obtained from various sources, though not sure its enough. see T. Bradshaw/S.Virostek talk. Repair plan is under way – will be discussed at CM 28 and in consecutive review

30. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 30 Further challenges (II) -- required muon rate is ~50/500 per pulse without (stepI-IV)/with (StepV-VI) RF -- limitation is irradiation in ISIS due to beam losses induced by MICE target measured in Volts on Beam Line Monitors -- observed rates in MICE 2010 (6mm beam) 4 TOF1/ms/V_BLM for  - beam, 25 TOF1/ms/V_BLM for  + beam These are PRELIMINARY -- not good muons yet! (expect to lose another factor) following a series of dedicated irradiation runs and measurements of activation ISIS allowed us to run routinely at 2V and even tried up to 10V. We are within range for STEPS I-IV further studies on how to get more muons per losses are ongoing muon rates

31. 09.9.2010 Slide 31 High beam loss (up to 10 V) tests (14 Aug.) https://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1449 https://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1447

32. 09.9.2010 Slide 32 FINAL COMMENTS MICE is a very challenging project, at the frontier between a particle physics experiment and an accelerator physics demonstrator It is a key R&D towards neutrino factory and muon collider Once MICE is built, equipped and completed, will remain competence and equipment for a Muon Cooling Test Facility (M-CTF ) – possibly for a next generation 6D cooling experiment meanwhile MICE are young, working hard & ingenuously, having fun …. and PUBLISH!

33. 09.9.2010 Slide 33 MICE Presentations to recent Conferences Since last status report in April 2010 IPAC 2010 Kyoto, Japan May 24-28 First International Particle Accelerator Conference 16 Posters !!!!! ITPRD Siena, Italy, May 12th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors MICE Tracker Talk (P. Kyberd) MICE PID Poster (M. Bogomilov) Neutrino 2010 14-20 Jun Athens, Greece 24th International Conference On Neutrino Physics And Astrophysics "Status of MICE" Poster A. Bross, “MICE Step I" Poster L. Coney “MICE Step II-VI" Poster P. Snopok 35th International Conference On High Energy Physics ICHEP 2010 21-28 Jul Paris, France "Status of MICE" Poster Y. Karadzhov “MICE Cooling Measurements" Poster V. Verguilov “MICE PID” Poster M. Bonesini 25th International Linear Accelerator Conference LINAC 2010 12-17 Sep Tsukuba, Japan "Status of MICE" Poster M. Popovic see all MICE publications in MICE-notes

34. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 34 SPARES

35. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 35 MICE step I in the MICE hall

36. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 36 MICE HALL is all ready for step II-III

37. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 37 2010 MOM rota

38. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 38 Given that all detectors and parts of the equipment will not be ready at the same time, one can foresee a development of the experiment in time, to allow a number of preparatory stages. Step I The beam can be tuned and characterized using a set of TOF and particle ID detectors. Step II the first spectrometer solenoid allows a first measurement of 6D emittance with high precision and comparison with the beam simulation. This should allow a systematic study of the tracker performance. Step III is fundamental for understanding of a broad class of systematic errors in MICE. The two spectrometers work together without any cooling device in between and should measure the same emittance value (up to the small predicted bias due to scattering in the spectrometer material). Step IV, with one focusing pair between the two spectrometers, should give a first experience with the operation of the absorber and a precise understanding of energy loss and multiple scattering in it. Several experiments with varying beta-functions and momentum can be performed with observation of cooling in normalized emittance. Starting from Step V, the real goal of MICE, which is to establish the operation of a realistic cooling channel, will be addressed. Only with Step VI will the full power of the experiment be reached and the cooling precisely measured, From the MICE proposal

39. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 39 MICE proposal (Jan 2003)

40. MICE Project Board MPB-I 23-09-2010 Alain Blondel 40 MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS For the spectrometer solenoids a measurement plan exists using the Zip-track device at Fermilab (MICE-note 210) with high precision. -- Requires transport and installation of the magnet at Fermilab -- Not easily applicable to the other magnets We are presently evaluating a more portable device proposed by the CERN magnet measurement team (F. Bergsma et al) -- would allow measurements at Wang before shipping -- and in situ at RAL -- of all three kinds of MICE magnets 3-D Hall probes outer radius: 15cm (FC) 20 cm (SS) 22 cm (CC)