1. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20031 A Digital GeoLibrary: Integrating Keywords And Place Names Mathew Weaver and Lois Delcambre Computer Science and Engineering Department OGI School of Science and Engineering Oregon Health & Science University Leonard Shapiro, Jason Brewster, Afrem Gutema Department of Computer Science College of Engineering & Computer Science Portland State University Timothy Tolle Monitoring Specialist, Strategic Planning Region 6 – Pacific Northwest Region USDA Forest Service

2. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20032 Outline Introduction: –Metadata++ - a digital library for natural resource management –The Problem: place names as keywords vs. locations with geographic footprint Our Solution: Metadata++ and standard GIS Discussion

3. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20033 The Metadata++ Digital Library Partner: United States Forest Service, Inventory and Monitoring, Region 6, Pacific Northwest Region Primary user: Natural resource managers Primary content: Agency approved reports and documents (e.g., Decision Notices, Appeal Decisions, Environmental Assessments, Environmental Impact Statements, Specialist Reports)

4. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20034 Metadata++: A Digital Library built using Hierarchical Controlled Vocabularies (CVs) Atmosphere Air Quality Air Management standards Air pollution burning smoke Emissions smoke Weather Climate moisture Fire Weather CO dry Processes evaporation Vegetation Management Air Management burning smoke standards Air Pollution CO smoke Climate moisture Fire Weather dry Processes inversion

5. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20035 Metadata++ Controlled Vocabularies Numerous, well-structured, standard CVs in wide use (taxonomic classification of plants/animals, vegetation classification) CVs of interest identified by experts Terms are often phrases (e.g., “Adaptive Management Area”) Broader/narrower term Synonyms Multiple CVs permitted for each topic No notion of preferred term Term may appear in multiple locations in hierarchy Currently no need to distinguish word senses

6. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20036

7. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20037

8. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20038 Location is very important! Numerous CVs for location. And…most users are very familiar with a GIS (Geographic Information System). But we need search by location AND keywords!

9. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 20039 Our Solution: Metadata++ & GIS locations selected by a user synonyms for locations Metadata++ GIS CVs of placenames (locations) Documents (with locations) to display on map Knows about documents. Represents controlled vocabularies. Supports complex search for terms. Knows about polygons, lines, features. Performs spatial reasoning. We want to exploit the strengths of each system – and not require Metadata++ to do spatial reasoning and not require the GIS system to know about documents. Key Idea: Assign a unique ID to each place name that appears in a GIS dataset and that is also known to Metadata++. Send IDs back and forth.

10. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200310 Selecting Locations

11. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200311

12. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200312 Spatial Synonym Discovery Metadata++ North Santiam River Lower Willamette River Yamhill River - Political + Washington - Oregon Clackamas County Columbia County GIS

13. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200313 Related work terminology Geographic information retrieval (GIR) –retrieve documents based on geographic references within documents. Consider three kinds of documents: –Georeferenced documents have spatial footprint(s) (coordinate, polygon, etc.). –Georeferenceable documents contain implicit references to geographic locations (place names) –Non-georeferenceable documents have no geographic reference Spatial queries : w ork well for georeferenced documents; require that georeferenceable documents have associated footprint(s); Doesn’t work at all for non-georeferenceable documents

14. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200314 Related Work The Alexandria Digital Library Project) Gazetteer –manages placenames, with geographic footprints –includes many, many placenames; intended for general use. –Includes extensions for associating terms with documents, in addition to footprints. Some GIR systems use an ontology that includes place names. GeoVSM support keyword and spatial description and search of a single set of documents. Our system accommodates non- georeferenceable documents and allows the user easily combine place names with any other (non-spatial) terms in their search. G-Portal [9] is a map-based digital library architecture for georeferenced resources. The map-based interface is used to search for documents.

15. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200315 Metadata++ Implementation Details CVs are implemented using the file system –Every term is a folder –Narrower terms appears as subfolders –“Windows Explorer” can be used to browse and edit the terms and their hierarchical relationships For “places” (terms with spatial footprints) –A shortcut to the GIS dataset is placed in the folder for the term (placename) –The name of the shortcut is a “guid” which serves as the term id – inside the GIS system

16. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200316 Work in Progress Implementing G-Map “lite” – for web browser access to Metadata++ with svg map viewer (limited GIS capability) Implementing G-Map “power user” – for users with GIS software on their desktop Testing and refining the Metadata++ system with real documents and users Formalizing the Metadata++ model

17. A Digital Geolibrary: Integrating Keywords and PlacenamesECDL 200317 Questions?