1. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Third International Population Geographies Conference 19th-21th June 2006, Liverpool Dolores LÓPEZ, Carolina MONTORO and Juan J. PONS Department of Geography and Territorial Management University of Navarra Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities

2. 1. Introduction: sources and analysed cities 2.Modal split in the daily home-to-work mobility 2.1. Walking 2.2. Private transport 2.3. Public transport 3.Conclusions Contents

3. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 1. Introduction

4. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Sources for the study of the home-to-work mobility Lack of public oficial sources for the whole of Spain till 2001 Population Census Introduction Project: “The historical centers of Spanish cities. Comparative analysis of their characteristics and present-day situation”. Financial support provided by Ministry of Education and Sciences (Project reference: SEJ2004-07064).

5. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 1. Population having no car 2. Population having no garage 3. Population making two or more journeys per day 4. Population taking less than 30 minutes per journey 5. Population working in the same city where it lives 6. Population going walking to the job 7. Population going by bicycle to the job 8. Population using private transport (car/motorbike) to go to the job 9. Population using public transport (bus, train, metro, or other combinations of public transport) to go to the job 10. Population combining the public and the private transport to go to the job Variables (census tract)

6. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Cities analyzed Introduction

7. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Sevilla People going walking to the job (%)

8. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 2. Modal Split in the daily home-to-work mobility

9. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 2.1. Walking

10. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Walking Madrid Barcelona Sevilla P. Mallorca Toledo Pamplona Valencia Zaragoza Cádiz Cuenca Córdoba San Sebastián Jaen Burgos Vitoria Granada Tarragona Huelva BadajozHuesca Valladolid León Ourense Salamanca Lugo median 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % Population going walking to the job in the HCC (%)

11. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Walking Total population < 30 minutes Without car 2 o more journeys Bicycle Private transport Public transport Other transports WALKING (-0.623**) (-0.580**) (0.701**) (-0.555**) (-0.648**)

12. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Walking 2030405060 % people that go walking 35 40 45 50 Two o more journeys BA B BU CA CO CU GR H HU J LE LU M OU PM NA SA SS SE T TO V VA VI Z Relationship between % of population walking to work and % of population making two o more daily journeys to go to the job (0,701**)

13. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Madrid León Walking

14. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People going walking to the job (%) Walking

15. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Differences between historical city centres and the rest of the city Walking

16. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 2.2. Private transport

17. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Private transport 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Madrid Barcelona Cádiz Zaragoza Lugo San Sebastián Salamanca Ourense Valladolid Granada Valencia León median Tarragona Pamplona Toledo Vitoria Burgos Huelva Badajoz Sevilla Huesca Córdoba Jaen Cuenca P. Mallorca % Population using private transport to go to the job in the HCC

18. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Private transport Total population < 30 minutes Without car 2 o more journeys Bicycle Public transport Other transports PRIVATE TRANSPORT (-0.567**) (0.438*) (-0.724**) (-0.746**) Walking

19. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Private transport 20304050 % people using private transport 20 30 40 50 60 % people without car BA B BU CA CO CU GR H HU J LE LU M OU PM NA SA SS SE T TO V VA VI Z Relationship betweeen % of population having no car and % of people using private transport (-0,724**)

20. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Barcelona Palma de Mallorca Private transport

21. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People using private transport to go the job (%)

22. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People with vehicle: Differences between HCC and the rest of the city

23. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 2.3. Public transport

24. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Public transport 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Huesca Lugo Badajoz León Ourense Cuenca Salamanca Jaen Huelva Córdoba Toledo Tarragona median Burgos Vitoria P. Mallorca Valladolid Granada Sevilla Pamplona Valencia San Sebastián Cádiz Zaragoza Barcelona Madrid % Population using public transport to go to the job in the HCC

25. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Public transport Total population < 30 minutes Without car 2 o more journeys Bicycle Private transport Other transports (0.813**) (0.656**) (-0.590**) (0.839**) (-0.746**) PUBLIC TRANSPORT Walking (-0.445*) (-0.729**)

26. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Public transport 04000080000120000 Total population 0 10 20 30 40 50 % People using public transport BA B BU CA CO CU GR H HU J LE LU M OU PM NA SA SS SE TTO V VA VI Z Relationship between total population and % of population using public transport to go to the job (0,813**)

27. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Public transport Madrid Badajoz

28. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People using public transport to go the job (%) Public transport

29. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People using public transport to go the job (%) Public transport

30. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities People using public transport: Differences between historical city centres and the rest of the city Public transport

31. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Bicycle 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 Cuenca Jaen Tarragona Huelva Lugo Madrid Ourense Toledo Salamanca Burgos Badajoz Cádiz median Granada León Valladolid Zaragoza Córdoba P. Mallorca Huesca Barcelona Valencia Pamplona Sevilla San Sebastián Vitoria % Population using bicycle to go to the job in the HCC

32. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Cities analyzes

33. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities 3. Conclusions

34. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Conclusions The home-to-work mobility in the Spanish cities analized shows the following patterns: 1. The predominant pattern in the city as a whole is more important than the differences between the historical city centres and the rest of the city.

35. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Differences between historical city centres and the rest of the city. Mean of the 25 capitals of province. -20-1001020 Private transport Public transport Others transports Take less than 30 minutes 2 or more journeys Bicycle Working in the same town Without vehicle Without garage Walking sd 13,9 sd 8,9 sd 6,6 sd 5,6 sd 4,0

36. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Conclusions 2. These differences show that the historical city centres are places more suitable to go walking to work and with more difficulties to use the private transport. 3. The distribution of the modal-split is the following: 1) Private transport (40%); 2) walking (39,6%); 3) Public transport (15% ), and 4) Bicycle and others

37. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Conclusiones 4. Conclusions show that go walking and the use of private transport is related to a lower use of public transport. 5. Go walking to the job is associated with a higher frequency of journeys per day. The use of private transport is strongly related to the availability of a car. 6. The total population is the more important variable in the modal split patterns.

38. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Public transport < 30 minutes Withour car 2 o more journeys Bicycle Private transport Other transports (-0.567**) (0.595**) (-0.649**) (0.606**) TOTAL POPULATION Walking (-0.416*) (-0.623**) (0.813**)

39. Home-to-work mobility patterns in Spanish cities Dolores LÓPEZ, Carolina MONTORO and Juan J. PONS Department of Geography and Territorial Management University of Navarra Thank you for your attention Third International Population Geographies Conference 19th-21th June 2006, Liverpool