1. My Background: PhD: Mechanisms of Peak Winds and Dust Emissions Sophie Cowie Supervisors: Peter Knippertz, Kerstin Schepanski, Doug Parker 2004-2009 2007-2008 2009-2010 Funding : European Research Council (ERC), part of “Desert Storms” grant.

2. Mechanisms of Peak Winds and Dust Emissions Motivation - Sahara largest source of dust into the atmosphere. - Mineral dust influences: Amazon rainforest fertilisation, global air quality, global radiation budget, the carbon cycle on land and in the ocean. - To fully utilise the complete surface observation archive alongside new satellite data. Objectives Separate dust emission reports into mechanisms; Dust devils and convective plumes Haboobs Low Level Jets (LLJs) Including a deduction of their relative importance Engelstaedter et al, 2006 Convective Plume Dust Devil Koch&Renno, 2005

3. Mechanisms of Peak Winds and Dust Emissions Low Level Jet(LLJ) mechanism for dust uplift Haboobs: Density currents Produced by collapsing thunderstorms Knippertz, 2008 SEVIRI satellite Imagery: Thermal IR RGB- composite, red: 12-10.8μm, green: 10.8-8.7μm, blue: 10.7 μm Mali, Aug 2004 Copyright AMMA/GUICHARD/KERGOAT

4. Mechanisms of Peak Winds and Dust Emissions FENNEC Mean June Temp, K http://www.ecmwf.int/products/forecasts/d/charts/monitoring/ coverage/dcover/ FENNEC Supersites Richard Washington, April 09 FENNEC field Campaign 2011 Will collect new observations from within the Central West Sahara (crucial for dust emissions) Desperately need more surface data from within the Sahara to validate models and satellite products. Current surface observation network

5. The End Questions? Mechanisms of Peak Winds and Dust Emissions