1. http://www.eqstar.org http://www.syracusecoe.org http://www.eqstar.org http://www.syracusecoe.org Material Emissions and Pollutant Transport in Building Envelopes T1.A Experimental – VOC Extraction Jim Smith, Mikael Salonvaara and Jensen Zhang Building Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory (BEESL)

2. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 2 VOC Extraction – Primary Focus Development of a Procedure / Standard to determine the initial concentrations of emitted VOCs from building materials. o Uses for Standard: u An important parameter for predicting the VOC emission rates over a long period of time. u The method can be useful for rapid screening of materials, enabling manufacturers to compare different production processes in order to reduce VOC emissions from their products.

3. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 3 VOC Extraction: Schematic PI&D 50 LITER CHAMBER RECIR PUMP VIBRATION TABLE PPBRAE GRINDING BOWL PPBRAE RECIR PUMP

4. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 4 VOC Extraction: System RECIR PUMP CLEAN AIR CONNECTION GRINDING BOWL EXHAUST CONNECTION 50 LITER CHAMBER MIXING ASSEMBLY GREYWOLF CONNECTION

5. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 5 VOC Extraction: Test Cycle

6. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 6 VOC Extraction: Sample Cycle

7. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 7 OSB: Specimen preparation SAMPLE BEFORE GRINDING AFTER GRINDING

8. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 8 Data Analysis o Mass exhausted from the chamber & re-circulation loop : where, i=1, 3, 5, represent the starting time point of each decay, respectively. o Mass of each TVOC & individual VOCs for each period of the decay: First Decay Second Decay Third Decay u Note that t6 should approach infinity in the evaluation, or be sufficiently large so that the remaining VOCs in the source becomes negligible. u Specific values for t6 depend on the material, and recommendations will be provided/defined during the data analysis.

9. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 9 Data Analysis o The total emittable mass (M) for a given compound or TVOC is found by summation of the calculated mass ventilated in all decay periods: o Mass adsorbed in the material at equilibrium before each decay period: where, Mei represents the VOC mass adsorbed in the material right before the start of decay period i,  g.

10. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 10 Data Analysis o Partition Coefficient, Kp i : u The partition coefficient is calculated for each equilibrium condition before each decay period: o Rate Constant (slope of the isotherm curve), Kc i : u The rate constant Kc i is estimated for the concentration range between two adjacent equilibrium conditions right before the decay periods: Where, FM ei = Mass of a VOC or TVOC in material sample at equilibrium before decay period i -  g FC ei = Equilibrium concentration right before decay period i -  g/m 3 FV loop = Volume of the chamber including the recirculation loop – m 3 FV mat = Volume of material – m 3

11. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 11 OSB Test – Real-time Monitoring

12. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 12 1 st Decay - TVOC

13. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 13 2 nd Decay - TVOC

14. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 14 3 rd Decay - TVOC

15. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 15 Initial VOC Concentrations and Partition Coefficients TVOC from OSB: u Measured initial concentration: 41 g/m 3 u Total mass density of the material: 526 kg/m 3 u TVOC content: 0.0078% mass (not listed in MSDS) u With an emission factor of 0.5 mg/(m 2 h), it takes 1.5 month to deplete from one-sided surface u Partition coefficients (Kp i, rate constant (Kc i ), and sorption curve C mi, ug/m 3 C ei, ug/m 3 Kp i Kc i 331389471158328616661 16279795905217981737 896313048401852 00

16. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 16 VOC Identification

17. SAC Review 6/27/2006 - 17 What is next? o Sorption curves for individual VOCs o Analyze data obtained for gypsum board and fiberglass insulation o Refine and improve test procedure o Evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the test method o Conduct tests for additional materials o Compare results with data from other laboratories u Virgin Tech. (Prof. John Little) u NRC/IRC (Dr. Don Yong) u Concordia University (Prof. Fariborz Heighihag) u Tsinghua University (Prof. Yinping Zhang/Dong Yang)