1. E-Government in Europe What Governments do and why Prof. Dr. Kuno Schedler

2. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 2 Definition E-Government Electronic Government is a form of organization that integrates the interactions and the interrelations between government and citizens, companies, customers, and public institutions through the application of modern information and communication technologies. Source:Center of Excellence for E-Government of the IDT-HSG www.electronic-government.org 01 / 05

3. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 3 E-Government Definitions 2 41 3 Focus on Processes Focus on Interatcions Limits itself to administrative action (E-Administration) Integrates all government domains 01 / 05

4. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 4 01 / 05 Politics LawSociety eDP Electronic Democracy and Participation ePN Electronic Production Networks ePS Electronic Public Services eIC Electronic Internal Collaboration Management of E-Government Organizational Capacity StrategyCultureStructures Technology E-Government Framework

5. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 5 Selective Use of NPM Tools: „Market of Solutions“ Perceived Problems NPM Set of Tools, Terms and Concepts Local / National Reform Agenda under NPM Selection Process according to problem solving potential Demand for practicable Solutions Supply of Promising Solutions 01 / 04

6. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 6 E-Government Motives in 7 European Countries * Source: Schedler/Summermatter 2003 Electronic Government Reaction to External Demand Reaction to External Po- tential Reaction to Internal Po- tential Is utilized for Employees (<1%) Technical De- velopment (22%) Internal Technology (14%) Knowledge, Know-how (8%) Customer Demands (39%) Competition between Locations (16%) Efficiency Gains (49%) Government Reform (10%) Image (6%) Political Participation (7%) Contribution to Information Society (28%) 01 / 05 * Denmark, Germany, France, UK, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Switzerland

7. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 7 E-Government Strategies in 5 European Countries UK: All services online by 2005; E-Minister; Electronic Communications Act; focus primarily on ePS, but increasing on E-Democracy GER: All services online by 2005; more concern about security (85% of the people); primarily on ePS F: simplification of access and modernization of state operations; eIC and ePN DK: Information society; cooperation between individual units; internal communication; customer orientation CH: prerequisites for eGov; service excellence; network 01 / 05

8. E-Gov Europe 27.06.2015 Page 8 Estimated cost of ‚Vote électronique‘ for the first 10 years in Switzerland (in Million SFr.) ExpensesMaximumMinimum initial investment22.500.00 yearly revolving, in sum for 10 years135.0051.00 additional expenses per vote, in sum for 10 years300.00300.00 Total for 3000 Local Authorities457.50351.00 initial investment29.122.86 yearly revolving, in sum for 10 years 76.180.44 additional expenses per vote, in sum for 10 years 30.2821.00 Total for 26 Cantons135.5824.30 initial investment2.101.35 yearly revolving, in sum for 10 years 5.334.28 additional expenses per vote, in sum for 10 years 18.8418.50 Total for Federal Goverment and Agencies26.2724.13 Total619.35399.43 Expectations: Infrastructure in communities and ballot pointsnot availableavailable Hardware configuration„FatClient“„ThinClient“ Source:Bericht des Bundesrates über den Vote électronique (2002) Amount of votings4 times p.a. on average Amount of local authoritiesstatic Amount of ballot pointsdecreasing 01 / 05