1. Prepared By Prof Alvin So1 SOSC 188 Lecture 2 Modernization (II) Psychological/Anthropological

2. Prepared By Prof Alvin So2 McClelland: Psychological Approach Inkeles: Modern Men Anthropological Approach

3. Prepared By Prof Alvin So3 McClelland: Psychological Approach Achievement motivation, not profit Measurement of achievement motivation by projection method Achieving nations have higher achievement motivation Sources of achievement motivation - parent socialization Policy implication - need to promote entrepreneurial spirit

4. Prepared By Prof Alvin So4 Inkeles: Modern Men Cross-national research on modern personality and values Characteristics of modern men – openness to new experience, independence from traditional authority figures, believe in science, mobility oriented, planning for future, active in civil politics,.... What make men modern? Education and occupational experience Modernization does not lead to psychic stress

5. Prepared By Prof Alvin So5 Anthropological Approach Use fieldwork and participant observation Cultural lag - cultural values slower to change than material condition Cultural diffusion depending on utility and compatibility