1. GIS APPLICATIONS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Melanie Tennant, Research Associate Gisela Bichler-Robertson, Director CPAL-CSU, San Bernardino Association for Criminal Justice Research Oct. 18-19, 2001, San Diego http://cjrc.csusb.edu/CPAL/CPAL.html

2. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino I. What is GIS? G eographic spatial realities I nformation data and their meaning S ystem computer technology

3. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino The GIS Funnel Source: Davis, B., (1996). GIS a Visual Approach. Onward Press. Pg. 26.

4. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino GIS Analysis: Techniques using maps to explore data and identify patterns. Pin Maps Cloropleth or Thematic Maps Density Maps

5. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Current GIS Applications in Criminal Justice Law Enforcement –Arson Investigation –Border Patrol –Police Departments Courts Corrections Probation/Parole

6. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino II. Police Use of GIS 1.Augment Traditional Functions –Crime Analysis –Information Dissemination 2.Enhance Problem Solving –Community and Problem-oriented Policing –Task Forces

7. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Enhancing Traditional Crime Analysis Strategic –Identify unusual activity levels by time or location –Forecast potential crime events/ concentration

8. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Source: Bueermann, J. (1999). Mapping for Managers. CMRC 10 th Annual Conference.

9. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Tactical –Day to day –For series, patterns, sprees, hot spots –Used for Deployment & Administration

10. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Source: Bueermann, J. (1999). Mapping for Managers. CMRC 10 th Annual Conference.

11. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Investigative –crime scene, psychological & forensic information –link serial or related events –Temporal, geographic, DAN evidence to develop trends

12. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Source: Rossmo, 1999. Figure 6.1. In: K. Harries. Mapping Crime:Principle and Practice. NIJ.P.153

13. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Intelligence –linkage between crime organizations & enterprises –Relate elements such as companies, agencies, people, times, days, to crimes & places

14. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino

16. Operations –Assess needs (calls for service, population of data & demographics) –Generate projections for deployment & resource allocation

17. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Source: Hayes, (2001). “Patrol Deployment/ Redistricting ®” IACA Training Conference, Long Beach Sept. 20 th 2001.

18. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Academic or Administrative –reports or statistical summaries for grant funding, commanders & public –Policy implications beyond law enforcement

19. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Source: Bueermann, J. (1999). Mapping for Managers. CMRC 10 th Annual Conference.

20. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino III. Challenges to Using GIS Ethical Issues –Redlining –Privacy Issues/Liability Technological limitations –Learning curve –Data Compatibility (format) Data Limitations –Large scales/ detail of basemaps –Availability and Currency –Lack of micro-level data

21. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Making Data & Mapping Available to the Community Advantages Public awareness Partnerships Involvement/ Empowerment Accountability Disadvantages Privacy Commercialization Redlining Insurance rates Misinterpretation

22. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino There are some important things that you need to know about before using this data! 1.ALL ASPECTS OF THE DATA PROVIDED HEREIN ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO A DEGREE OF ERROR DUE TO THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN COMPILING AND PROGRAMMING THE DATA. NO WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR GUARANTY IS MADE OR IMPLIED REGARDING THE CONTENT, SEQUENCE, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS OR COMPLETENESS OF THE DATA PROVIDED HEREIN. 2.THIS VISUAL PRESENTATION OF DATA IS BEING PROVIDED STRICTLY AS A COURTESY, AND NOT AS AN OBLIGATION, TO ITS READERS. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT DOES NOT HAVE STAFF AVAILABLE TO ASSIST IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA PRESENTED HEREIN I have read and understand the above Continue I do not wish to continue Back to main menuContinueBack to main menu Sacramento Police Department http://citymaps.sacto.org/GISAPPS2/cdisclaimer.htm

23. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Lack of micro-level data in digital form Aggregation of community information Place Intensive Research Data Limitations impact Problem Solving LEADS TO

24. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino GIS Analysis –Aggregated information –Large scale analysis –Data and technological limitations Place Intensive Methods –Resource limitations –Scale & boundaries –Lost community context SOLUTION Blended Approach

25. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Blended Approach Phase 1. Community-level Analysis Crime Analysis provides a framework and focus. Phase 2. Contextual-level Analysis Abbreviated User Analysis identifies micro, community level attributes that influence crime.

26. CPAL- CSU San Bernardino Copies of this Presentation are available from: Crime Prevention Analysis Lab California State University San Bernardino cjrc.csusb.edu/CPAL/CPAL.html