1. Clinical Assessment: at the heart of healthcare education

2. . “ The rules of clinical assessment are the same for whatever Doctor you are producing….

3. . real, relevant & objective valid and reliable …… clinical assessment has to be:

4. . …… the world has moved on !!.. society has changed …… society expects more from its Doctors …….. we should respond to that need

5. …… and since the unexpected can always happen we must make provision for it

6. . …… new advances are just around the corner

7. … new problems are constantly emerging

8. . What do we want students to achieve in the clinical assessment of our students ? Show they have achieved a previously overall defined level of competence Understand very well the fundamentals of clinical practice and apply their previous learning Show they can perform to a required and accepted level of competence in real or simulated real practice in specified areas Adapt their practice to real life situations and normal / expected variations

9. . Knows Shows how Knows how Does Knows Factual tests: MCQ, essay type, oral….. Shows how Performance assessment in vitro: OSCE, SP-based test….. Does Performance assessment in vivo: Masked SPs, Video, Audits….. Knows how (Clinical) Context based tests: MCQ, EMI, essay type, oral….. …. we want to see students climbing the pyramid

10. . Most schools have moved away from : Long cases Short cases Oral / viva voce Why: Often irrelevant to real life Specialty specific, not integrated Non-standardised / comparable Highly subjective One opportunity to become a star

11. . To : OSCE – OSVE, OSPE, ISCE etc Written formative – portfolios, reflective diaries, log books etc Web-based Case-based Workplace-based 360 degree, multi-professional Competency- based

12. . But, if we use these methods, we must address the issues of: Standardisation Objectivity Validity Reliability Real-life situations with complexity Safety Multiple biopsy technique

13. Clinical Assessment What is the best way ?