1. Heart facts Heart pumps over 2,500 gallons per day ¼ cup per beat
70-75 beats per minute
Over 60,000 miles of blood vessels

2. 1. What type of view is this?
Name this gland.
3. Name 2 hormones secreted by this gland.
4. Name this gland
5. What are the effects of the hormone
secreted by this gland?

3. Heart outline pulmonary & systemic circulation
location of heart in thorax
pericardium
fibrous skeleton
external anatomy of heart
internal anatomy of heart
coronary circulation
CAD, angina and heart attacks
heart valves
conduction system of heart
EKG’s
cardiac muscle

4. Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit
artery
vein
artery
vein
Systemic
circuit
CO2 O2

6. T9

7. Looking at the left side
from the right
Looking at the right side
from the left

9. Pericardial cavity

10. Visceral pericardium Myocardium Endocardium
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium = visceral pericardium
+ adipose

11. Pericarditis = inflammation of the pericardium

12. Fibrous skeleton: collagen & elastic fibers between chambers & around valves
structural support
prevents valves from
being overly distended
anchors myocardium
electrical “insulator” between atria
and ventricles

13. aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Auricle of left
atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Anterior View

14. aorta
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Posterior view

16. Chambers of the Heart 4 chambers 2 upper atria (atria = entry hall)
(auricle = little ear)
2 lower ventricles
(ventricles = little bellies)
Auricle

17. Right atrium SVC Coronary Sinus (opening) Pectinate muscle
Fossa ovalis
IVC
Right AV orifice

18. Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Trabeculae carneae Tricuspid valve
Papillary muscle with tendinous cords

19. Left ventricle Aortic valve Mitral (bicuspid) valve Papillary muscles
with chordae tendineae
Trabeculae carneae

20. Right atrium & ventricle
Left atrium & ventricle

21. Coronary circulation

22. Coronary circulation RCA Coronary sinus LCA (Under auricle) RCA
L & R coronary artery = directly off aorta just distal to aortic valves
Coronary sinus = drains into right atrium

23. Mitral & tricuspid valve
Aortic & pulmonary valve
Coronary sinus
R & L coronary arteries

24. Fig. 20.12 Coronary artery disease (CAD)
narrowing of coronary arteries
leading cause of death in US
Atherosclerosis
fatty plaque on arterial walls

25. By-pass Graft

26. Myocardial infarction (MI)
dead tissue areas in myocardium
caused by interruption of blood flow
cardiac muscles cells don’t regenerate
replaced by scar tissue
Angina pectoris (chest pain)
scarred or ischemic cardiac muscle can’t pump or conduct electrical impulses
arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)

27. Referred pain:
Organ & skin pain fibers travel to the spinal
cord together
Organ pain misinterpreted as skin pain
(referred pain)

28. Aortic valve
(semilunar valve)
Pulmonary valve
(semilunar valve)
Bicuspid or Mitral
valve
Tricuspid valve

29. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Semilunar valves
aortic & pulmonary valves
each has 3 cusps (no tendinous cords)
close when pressure in ventricles falls
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid and bicuspid (Mitral)
tricuspid = 3 cusps, bicuspid = 2
connected to papillary muscle via tendinous cords
close when pressure in ventricles increases

30. Papillary muscle
Chordae tendineae
(tendinous cords)

31. Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat
Diastole = relaxation
Systole = contraction

32. Atrioventricular Valves Open
Ventricular diastole
Atrial systole
(atrial pressure > ventricle pressure)

33. Atrioventricular Valves Close
Ventricle systole
Atrial diastole
Ventricle pressure > atrial pressure
A-V valves close preventing backflow of blood into atria
Murmurs – any abnormal heart sound
mitral valve prolapse, stenosis, insufficiency
Rheumatic fever

34. Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

35. What are the ventricles doing in A?
Valve Function Review A B
What are the ventricles doing in A?
What are the ventricles doing in B?

36. Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat
How does the heart beat?
Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat

37. Conduction System of Heart
SA node – AV node – AV bundle of His (between ventricles) – Purkinje fibers
How does your heart rate change?
Nervous control (ANS)
hormones
drugs
Heart block: electrical signals blocked
Arrhythmia: irregular heart beat
Fibrillations: uncoordinated contractions

38. EKG = electrocardiogram
Recording electrical currents in heart
P wave
atrial contraction
P to Q interval
time for impulse to travel from SA node to AV node
QRS complex
ventricular contraction
T wave
ventricular relaxation

39. Heart failure Impairment of the heart to fill or pump
a sufficient amount of blood through
the body
right side
peripheral edema
ascites
jugular venous distention
left side
dyspnea (shortness of breath)
orthopnea
pulmonary edema