1. Global network of innovation The Federative Principle in Business Architectures An Industrial View on Business Interoperations Johann Wagner Siemens Business Services Munich INTEROP ESA `05 Geneva 24. February 2005 Johann Wagner

2. Global network of innovation 2 Agenda  The federated computing manifesto  Enterprise integration utopia and reality  Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)  Service orchestration: Two level programming (BPEL)  Interoperation platform evolution  Generic architecture for service-based applications  Application architecture evolution  Federative interoperation elements  Suggested research topics

3. Global network of innovation 3  Federative behavior in business networks is  maintaining each member’s independence  while obligating them to perform for the common good according to their ability.  Federalism is  the structural and organizational principle by which  basically independent, autonomous entities (agents) join forces  to form a higher form of order  to combine a required level of uniformity  with the kind of diversity  that is indispensable, if the organization wants to be successful. The federated computing manifesto

4. Global network of innovation 4 Federalism in evolution  Federative behavior is an effective strategy for all living entities from the basic building blocks of life (cells, organs) to social communities.  The evolution of multi-cellular organisms was a big step for the efficient exploitation of the environment by modularity. This is also a means to hide interoperation complexity  Diversity is the concept of the evolution to survive.

5. Global network of innovation 5 Shared information continuum Loyality CustomerPartnerEmployee Reliability Competence Common end-to-end business processes Common services, identity types and portlets Enterprise integration utopia

6. Global network of innovation 6 Supplier Manufacturer Carrier Dealer Customer Permanent Information Continuum Reconstruction Process Transformation and Mapping Framework End-to-end Operational Processes Enterprise integration reality SAP R/3 Update On-demand Operation Environment I2 Logistics Microsoft Portal Legacy People Soft Siebel CRM Reason for Service Oriented Architectures (SOA): - Supply chains, - Mergers, - Acquisitions and - Outsourcing

7. Global network of innovation 7 Overlapping databases Program semantic A Program semantic B Mary Interoperation semantics Mary Integration on message level different views of the world Also programs permanently reconstruct their useful views (facts)

8. Global network of innovation 8 WSDL Stub WSDL Proxy Service Level Agreements Sensor or Consumer Service Provider Platform Basic Element of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Provider‘s Perspective Actor‘s Perspective Service (Agent) event request-reply synchronous/ asynchronous Language binding

9. Global network of innovation 9 Workflow-based Web Service XML- Store SQL- Database Servlets Components World Sensors & Effectors Partner Services BPEL HTTP Service orchestration: Two level programming RFID Firewall State Enterprise Services WSDL Proxy WSDL Proxies WSDL Proxy Orchestration Level Services Level Workflow independent business logic

10. Global network of innovation 10 Traveler Agency Airline Plan Confirmation Received Ticket Received Selection of Airline Route Order of Tickets Forwarding of Confirmation Ticket Mailed Flight Confirmation Order Income Charge Credit Card Seat Reservation Order Abstract workflow protocol Service orchestration: Travel service example 1 2 3

11. Global network of innovation 11 Interoperation platform evolution Microsoft IBM & Others Portability Interoperability CORBA/IIOP & J2EE/RMI CORBA Legacy J2EE COM+/DCOM.NET 2000 Tightly-coupled Components 2005 Multiple Interoperation Style Middleware IBM Enterprise Service Bus Microsoft Connected Systems Loosely-coupled Web Services (XML Schema/SOAP) IONA Artix Siemens Husky HTTP/SOAP Notification/Transformation/Routing

12. Global network of innovation 12 Husky: Secure transfer of electronic identities over heterogeneous system platforms Citizens want to move from St. Gallen to Zurich Advantages with Husky © Situation today  First time ever electronic transfer leads to enormous cost efficiency  Tax fraud can be minimized  One stop shop for citizens  At least two government visits  Inconvenient desk opening hours  High administration effort  Tax fraud possible

13. Global network of innovation 13 Improved Monitoring and Adaptability New Solution Situation  Introduction of a modern integration middleware product at all partners  Re-Implementation of existing EDI processes  Implementation of additional internal and cross-enterprise processes  Rigid EDI processes for order and delivery connecting 60 business partners  The EDI platform is at it’s limits in maintainability and performance EDI Platform Web Services Platform Orders Returns Delivery Plans Store Data Leasing Data Goods Announcements Catalogs Invoices Delivery Notes EAI technology renovation: Customer goods supply chain example

14. Global network of innovation 14 Generic architecture for service-based applications Security Application Development System and Network Management Identification Services Edge Services Portal Services Comm. Services Legacy Services Enterprise Service Bus Process Agents Portlet Collections Presence Lists Orchestration Services Synchronization Services Business Processes Business Events & Rules Component Services Business Functions Partner ESB Persistence Services Service Segments RFID DockRFID POS WSDL Services

15. Global network of innovation 15 “Multi-cellular” business applications Federated Agents (Robots) Technical Sensors and Effectors Flow & Services Flow & Services Flow & Services Flow & Services Flow & Services Customer Supplier Classiscal Record Keeping ERP Out Dock Conveyer Shelf In Dock Transport Manufacturer/Dealer Flow & Services Service orchestration and problem escalation via collaboration portals Flow & Services In Dock Flow & Services Out Dock „The new Cambrian Explosion“ Mobile objects in an non-deterministic environment only partly known by agents

16. Global network of innovation 16 DB Server Logic 1980 1990 2000 data independent device independent dependent DB Server workflow independent Synchronization DBS Service Logic Service Application architecture evolution SOA ? 2010

17. Global network of innovation 17 A 20 years interoperation perspective “The Global Ubiquitous Computer - subsumes both the Internet and instrumented environments. - Its name reflects the reasonable prediction that, - within two decades, - virtually all computing agents (heart-monitors, satellites, laptops,..) - will be connected, - forming an organism that is partly artifact and natural phenomenon — - In either case one of the most complex ever constructed or studied.” by Robin Milner (Pi Calculus, Turing Award) Trento Italy Dec. 2004 Microsoft Conference on Converging Technologies

18. Global network of innovation 18 Federative interoperation elements (1)  Technical platform elements  Technology independence of client and server applications; no type or name sharing  Long transactions and process compensations; time-outs  Information and identification synchronization on demand  Openness of security mechanisms  Opaque decisions in orchestrated services  Multiple interaction styles, protocols, format transformations, event notifications, routing (the Enterprise Service Bus)

19. Global network of innovation 19 Federative interoperation elements (2)  Organizational/social elements  Service sharing  Fair service level agreements (performance, availability, security)  Contracts (Non Disclosure, Non Compete, Warranty)  Trust (while delayed interoperations)  Modular organization (subsidiary, autonomous decisions)  Problem escalation and collaborative trouble shooting

20. Global network of innovation 20 Suggested research topics  Agent technologies based on “social” concepts may help to understand and construct this new kind of federative platforms.  We also need a design methodology for federated service agents. This may provides a new concept for modularization of systems without central control, possibly a new paradigm for software engineering.  Social sciences & philosophy may converge with computer sciences to find a new foundation for federative business interoperations and their corresponding infrastructures.  IT should not be seen sub-ordinate to business economics any more. Social Sciences & Philosophy Computer Sciences Federative Business Interoperations Literature: „An Introduction to Multi Agent Systems“ by Michael Wooldridge

21. Global network of innovation 21 Our last slide The figures in this presentation were taken partly from our book. Opinions on it: Dr. Michael Mrva, from Infineon: „That’s not just a book, it’s a super book! The content is based on different scientific disciplines, which never have been presented in this form anywhere. “ Prof. Dr. Ulrich Walter, from Space Technology Technical University Munich (former Program Manager IBM Development and before that astronaut on space shuttle Columbia): „I am startled: All essentials are condensed perfectly.” Wagner.Johann@siemens.com +49-89-636-49955 ISBN 3-89578-231-9 Dr. Kurt Schwarzenbacher