1. Research education in USA and Canada Lars Bruce Christina Wallin

2. Research education in the USA 249 colleges and universities Colleges’ usually only offers undergraduate education while universities also offers graduate education There are both private and public schools

3. Research education in the USA There’s no central government supervision Independent organizations accredit the universities Institutional accreditation – the university as a hole is accredited. This can either be a regional or national accreditation. Professional/specialized accreditation – this is an evaluation of a specific educational program Ranking lists. U.S.News lists can be found at; http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college

4. Admission Review of the applicant's previous academic record Letters of recommendation TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) Graduate Record Examination, GRE - a standardized tests geared toward graduate school - measures the scholastic ability - subject-specific tests can be tacked onto the general test

5. Studies To be eligible for a doctoral degree, a student normally must fulfill the following requirements: Complete an approved program of course and research work, of which at least some must be taken in the Graduate School of Arts and Science Pass three comprehensive exams approved by the Director of Graduate Studies (Ph.D.) Complete an acceptable survey research paper, and pass the Oral Preliminary Exam. This is comparable to the swedish licentiat degree Write an acceptable Ph.D. thesis proposal, and present it to a faculty committee Write and defend a doctoral dissertation

6. Studies Candidacy for the doctorate is determined by an Oral Preliminary Exam, usually taken before 2 1/2 years of full-time graduate study Within six months of passing the Oral Preliminary Exam every Ph.D. student is required to present a thesis proposal containing the outline of the proposed research, and some of the anticipated results The proposal presentation is held in front of a committee of three faculty members Students who have progressed rapidly in their research can take the oral preliminary examination and present the thesis proposal at the same time

7. Degrees Bachelor’s degree – four years of undergraduate study Master’s degree – 1-2 years of graduate study Doctoral degree (Ph.D.) – 3-4 years of studies after a Bachelor’s degree or at least 2 years after a Master’s degree Professional degree – in subjects like medicin and law

8. Snapshot; Princeton #1 All Categories, #8 Computer Science. Web site: http://www.princeton.edu Private. Founded: 1746. Undergraduate student body: 4,663. Application fee: $60 Tuition and fees: $26,160 Room/board: $7,583 290 research projects supported by over 90 sponsors.

9. Princeton, research areas in C.S. Digital system testing Synthesis for testability High-level synthesis Low-power design Hardware-software co- synthesis Embedded systems Verification Fault-tolerant computing Systolic/wave-front architectures Parallel processing Performance evaluation Video signal processing architectures Computer security Neural computing

10. Snapshot; California-Berkeley #20 All Categories, #1 Public Universities, #3 Computer Science. Web site: http://www.berkeley.edu Public. Founded: 1868. Undergraduate student body: 22,677. Application fee: $40 Tuition and fees: $3,633 for in-state, $14,337 for out-of-state Room/board: $10,047

11. California-Berkeley, research areas in C.S. Artificial Intelligence Computer Architecture and Engineering Database Management Systems Multimedia, Human Computer Interaction and Computer Graphics Operating Systems Programming Systems Scientific Computing and Numerical Methods Theory

12. California-Berkeley, research areas at the International Computer Science Institute Networking –ACIRI (AT&T Center for Internet Research at ICSI) –NSA (Network Services and Applications) AI Speech (formerly Realization) Algorithms (formerly Theory)

13. Snapshot; Carnegie Mellon #23 All Categories, #3 Computer Science. Web site: http://www.cmu.edu Private. Founded: 1900. Undergraduate student body: 5,106. Application fee: $55 Tuition and fees: $24,022 Room/board: $7,264

14. Carnegie Mellon, research areas in C.S. Artificial Intelligence –Computer Music Data Mining Machine Learning Vision Speech Theory –Algorithms Complexity Theory Semantics Interdisciplinary Research –Computational Biology Computational Neuroscience Systems & Languages –Computer Architecture Databases Graphics Operating Systems Networking Parallel and Distributed Computing Programming Languages Formal Methods Software Engineering

15. Carnegie Mellon, research at the Software Engineering Institute Dynamic Systems COTS-Based Systems (CBS) Dependable Systems Upgrade (DSU) Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Open Systems Rate Monotonic Analysis (RMA) Simplex Architecture Standards Product Line Systems Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Domain Engineering Product Line Practice Reengineering Center Software Architecture

16. research at the Software Engineering Institute cont. Networked Systems Survivability CERT® Coordination Center Survivable Network Management Survivable Network Technology Software Engineering Process Management Accelerating Software Technology Adoption Acquisition Risk Management Capability Maturity Model® Integration Capability Maturity Modeling® The IDEALSM Model ISO/IEC 15504 Personal Software Process Software Engineering Measurement & Analysis Software Acquisition Improvement Team Software Process

17. Snapshot; Massachusetts Institute of Technology #5 All Categories, #1 Computer Science. Web site: http://web.mit.edu Private. Founded: 1861. Undergraduate student body: 4,258 Application fee: $60 Tuition and fees: $26,960 Room/board: $7,500

18. MIT, Research areas in C.S. Hardware and Software Tools Cryptography, optimization, security, validation... Interfaces and Applications Human-Computer interaction, computer graphics... Science and Information Technology Biological computing, hart failure assistance, virus shell... Transport Networks, routers, WWW, wireless devices...

19. Sort by: Rank 1. Princeton University Princeton University (NJ) 100.0 4.9199%92%97%+5471%11%6/192%41350- 154092%12%13166% 2. Harvard University Harvard University (MA) 99. 0 4.9296%91%97%+6769%13%8/191%11410- 158090%11%8646% Yale University Yale University (CT) 99. 0 4.9398%93%95%+21075%8%7/190%21380- 155095%16%2546% 4. California Institute of Technology 96. 0 4.72594%95%82%-13276%5%3/196%51450- 158098%13%11339% 5. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology 95. 0 4.91098%93%91%-21958%16%7/189%31410- 156097%16%3941% Stanford University Stanford University (CA) 95. 0 4.9798%91%93%+21569%14%7/199%61360- 156089%13%91140% University of Pennsylvania 95. 0 4.51597%87%91%+4170%8%7/189%81310- 149092%23%61041%

20. 1.University of California–Berkeley 2.University of Virginia 3.University of Michigan–Ann Arbor 4.Univ. of California–Los Angeles 5.U. of North Carolina–Chapel Hill 6.College of William and Mary (VA) 7.Univ. of California–San Diego 8.Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison 9.U. of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign 10.Georgia Institute of Technology University of California–Davis University of California–Irvine Top Public National Universities

21. Rank/School Average reputation score (5 = highest) 1.Massachusetts Institute of Technology5.0 Stanford University (CA)5.0 3.Carnegie Mellon University (PA)4.9 University of California-Berkeley4.9 5.Cornell University (NY)4.5 University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign4.5 7.University of Washington4.3 8.Princeton University (NJ)4.2 9.University of Texas-Austin4.1 University of Wisconsin-Madison4.1 Best Graduate Schools – Computer Science

22. Research education in Canada Resembles that of the USA The universities, or institutes as they are also called, are independent and decide themself over the education and there is no central regelation Canada consist of autonomous provinces which each has at least one university Some universities are bilingual, while others just give courses in either French or English

23. Admission Good grades in the previous degrees Letters of reference Language test are standard, usually TOEFL for English universities Forign students must apply for a visa, or Student Authorization if the periods shorter than six moths, except for the povince of Québec where a student can apply for a Certificate of Acceptance instead

24. Studies Not much differs from the way higher education studies are conducted in the USA Candidates for a Doctor of Philosophy degree pursue a program of study and research The candidate present a thesis embodying the results of original investigation The thesis may consist of a collection of several papers where some, but not all, may be previously unpublished

25. Degrees General/Pass Bachelor degree – 3-4 years of undergraduate study Honours Bachelor degree – the student specialize in one or two subjects after the first year or studie for an additional year after a General/Pass Bachelor degree Master’s degree – 1-2 years of graduate studies Master of Philosophy – more research oriented Doctor of Philosophy – 3 years of graduate studies, it’s usually necessary to have a Honours Bachelor degree