1. TOOM: The Temporal Object Oriented Methodology Centre de Recherche en Informatique University of Paris I - Sorbonne Training Session Patras

2. The TOOM methodology Training Session Patras

3. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 3 Introduction Objectives : specification at the analysis level of a temporal database application. Characteristics of a temporal database application : –complex time management (period, interval, relative time) –management of specific granularity of time (week, working day) –managing past «real world» data or «database» data (Valid, Transaction time) –exploitation of the delay of the database refreshment regarding the real world evolution (BiTemporal) –temporal business rules & temporal constraints –intensive exploitation of «past data»

4. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 4 Introduction - Levels of Abstractions Requirements Analysis levelTOOBIS environment TOOM model Mapping rules

5. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 5 Introduction - Its Characteristics Based on only one model perspectives managed : structure : What are the pertinent information ? Examples : Copy of a book, Loan, function : how are the activities modified information ? Examples : CreateCopy, ReserveCopy, BorrowCopy dynamic : When are the activities performed ? Examples : Availability of copy

6. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 6 Concepts Overview the database system Its environment

7. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 7 Concepts Overview - database system the database system structural aspects : object class, inheritance, aggregation or association link, attribute Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Book Reservation make concern of ask for

8. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 8 Concepts Overview - database system the database system dynamic & functional aspects : interval event, operation, condition, factor Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Reservation create reserve activate c1 Availability of copy

9. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 9 Concepts Overview - Dynamic view Object Internal EventOperation triggers has a particular state change generating an event occurrence modifies state of Causal approach :

10. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 10 Concepts Overview - system environment the database system Its environment Actor classes : (1) external event : stimuli coming from the actor requirring the performance of activities on the database (2) external operation : informational message sent by the database system to the actor Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Reservation create reserve activate c1 Availability of copy (1) (2) subscriber actor

11. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 11 Concepts Overview - system environment the database system Its environment Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Reservation create reserve activate c1 send a notification of reservation create Arrival of a loan request Remark : a subscriber acts on the system & information about him is stored in the database

12. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 12 Concepts Overview - system environment the database system Its environment Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Reservation (1) (2) Actor class can represent system (1) service offered by the database & asked by the actor (external event) (2) service asked by the database & provided by the actor (external operation) A Library Network

13. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 13 Concepts Overview - system environment the database system Its environment Subscriber Person Loan Request Copy Reservation A Library Network send a notification of reservation create Arrival of a loan request create reserve c1 activate internal event : based on the last state change of the object

14. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 14 Concepts Overview - system environment Its environment Calendar class : temporal event : temporal condition satisfied by the current state of the clock requiring the performance of activities on the database  absolute : the 25th of december 1996  periodic : each christmas day  relative to event : 1 month after ev1.time  relative to object : 1 week before the end of loan SubscriberLoan Request Copy Reservation cancel available 2 weeks after the notification

15. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 15 Concepts Presentation - structure Object class : persistent & relevant information of the application Examples : Subscriber, Loan Request, Copy, Book A persistent collection is attached to an object class Object class Snapshot class Temporal class

16. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 16 Concepts Presentation - Calendar Class Library a name an origin a basic unit (granule) an ordered set of granules conversions operations translation operations

17. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 17 Concepts Presentation - Calendar Class Library User defined time calendars Calendar classObservationCalendar origin="1/01/01/0000"basic unit=hour of Gregoriancalendar granules turn : { 6 basic unit, basic unit = 6 turns} day : { 4 turns, turn=1/4 day} month : { irregular} year : {12 months, month=1/12 year} operations instant operator + (instant, interval ) interval operator + (instant, instant ) instant operator - (instant, instant ) instant conversion ( ) instant ObservationCalendar *> conversion ( ) EndClass

18. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 18 Concepts Presentation - Snapshot class class without time management a snapshot class is equivalent to a OOM object class «only the current state exists in the database» Basic class : COPY properties reference : string lifespan : PERIOD state : copy_state loans : inverse (zeromany, LOAN.copy) notices : inverse (zeromany, NOTICE.copy) constraints unique(Copies,reference) operations COPY purchase(c:structure(COPY)) type create reservation() type update availability() type update check out() type update wear out() type update loss() type update deletion() type update queries boolean $exist_copy_available() internal-events availability of copy Example of temporal domains –Birthday: Instant-A –Loan period: Period –Task effort: Interval

19. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 19 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class Class managing valid or/and transaction time(s) the time management is available for all the properties of this class

20. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 20 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class (example) Employee has Basic class Function Basic class

21. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 21 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class (way of using) Basic class FamilyStatus Basic class assignment Basic class function Basic class salary Basic class State History Person Employee Basic class Employee employeeNumber, name address familyStatus Salary function Basic class Department

22. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 22 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class (Valid time definition) –nature of the valid time (instant or period) –granularity of the valid time (granule, calendar) –type of management (state or history) –completeness of the history (complete or partial) –extrapolation function (yes or not) Employee has Basic class Function Basic class VT<period, Gregorian,Day, history, complete> Patient has Basic class weight Basic class VT<instant, Gregorian,Day, history, partial> VT=date of the visit

23. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 23 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class (Transaction time definition) –type of management (state or history) Patient has Basic class weight Basic class Patient has Basic class weight Basic class state History

24. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 24 Concepts Presentation - Temporal Class (Bi-temporal definition) Patient has Basic class weight Basic class VT TT

25. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 25 Concepts Presentation - Events on temporal class internal event on history : –Three revisions of loan in two years, (based on the state of the history revisions) –Third salary update in one year (based on the history salary of an employee)

26. TOOM Methodology Patras, Training Session, Page 26 Conclusion Methodology based on temporal aspects Guidelines to the TOOBIS environment (TOODBMS, TODL, TOQL) Compliant to UML