1. Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design

2. 22 Introduction ●Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. ●Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure Figure 1-1

3. 33 The Impact of Information Technology ●Information Technology –Combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information –A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully

4. 44 The Impact of Information Technology ●The Future of IT –Responsible for half of all productivity growth and a third of all economic growth between 1995-1999 Figure 1-3

5. 55 The Impact of Information Technology ●The importance of Systems Analysis and Design – To ensure information system’s (IS) quality ●The Role of Systems Analysis and Design –Systems Analysis and Design Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems –Systems Analyst Plan, develop, and maintain information systems

6. 66 The Impact of Information Technology ●What do we need in IS? -> How to do it? ●Who develops Information Systems? –In-house applications –Software packages –Internet-based application services –Outsourcing –Custom solutions

7. 77 Information System Components ●A System is a set of related components that produces specific results ●Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people Figure 1-6

8. 88 Information System Components Figure 1-9

9. 99 ●Hardware –Everything in the physical layer of the information system –Moore’s Law accurately predicted that computer processing power would double every 18 to 24 months Information System Components

10. 10 Information System Components ●Software –System software –Network operating system –Application software –Enterprise applications ================================= –Horizontal system ( 橫向系統 ) –Vertical system ( 縱向系統 ) –Legacy systems ( 老舊系統 )

11. 11 Information System Components ●Data –The raw material that an information system transforms into useful information Figure 1-11

12. 12 Information System Components ●Processes –Describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results ●People –Users, or end users, are the people who interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company

13. 13 Understanding The Business ●Business Profile –Overview of a company ●Business Models –Graphical representation of one or more business processes Figure 1-12

14. 14 Understanding The Business ●New Kinds of Companies ●Companies are classified based on their main activities: –Brick-and-mortar Production-oriented Service-oriented –Click-and-mortar or pure play Dot-com (.com) Figure 1-14

15. 15 Impact of the Internet ●E-Commerce (I-Commerce) –B2C (Business-to-Consumer) –B2B (Business-to-Business) EDI, XML, HTML ●Web-Based Development –WebSphere,.NET

16. 16 How Business Uses Information Systems ●In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served –Office systems –Operational systems –Decision support systems –Executive information systems

17. 17 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users –Enterprise computing systems –Transaction processing systems –Business support systems –Knowledge management systems –User productivity systems

18. 18 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Enterprise computing systems –Support company-wide operations and data management requirements –Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Ex. Wal-Mart’s Inventory Control System

19. 19 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Enterprise computing systems –Information systems that support company- wide operations and data management

20. 20 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Transaction processing systems –Process data generated by day-to-day business operations Figure 1-18

21. 21 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Business support systems –Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company –Management information systems (MIS) –Radio frequency identification (RFID) 無線射頻辨識系統 –What-if Figure 1-19

22. 22 How Business Uses Information Systems ●Knowledge management systems –Simulate human reasoning Figure 1-20

23. 23 How Business Uses Information Systems ●User productivity systems –Technology that improves productivity –Word processing is an example ●Information systems integration –Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features

24. 24 Information System Users and Their Needs Figure 1-21

25. 25 Information System Users and Their Needs ●Top managers ●Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers ●Supervisors and Team Leaders ●Operational Employees

26. 26 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer- aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems ●Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment

27. 27 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Modeling –A systems analyst can describe and simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, and process models.

28. 28 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Prototyping –Early working version of an information system –Speeds up the development process significantly –Can be an extremely valuable tool

29. 29 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools –CASE uses powerful software to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems Figure 1-22

30. 30 Systems Development Methods ●Structured Analysis –traditional systems development technique –Uses the systems development life cycle to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system Figure 1-25

31. 31 Systems Development Methods ●Object-oriented (O-O) analysis –combines data and the processes that act on the data into things called objects –Systems analysts use O-O to model real-world business processes and operations

32. 32 Systems Development Methods ●Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development –JAD – Team based fact finding –RAD – compressed version of the entire process

33. 33 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●SDLC used to plan and manage the systems development process. ●It includes the following steps: 1.Systems planning 2.Systems analysis 3.Systems design 4.Systems implementation 5.Systems operation and support

34. 34 The Systems Development Life Cycle Figures 1-28 & 1-29

35. 35 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems Development Guidelines –Stick to a plan –Involve users –Identify milestones –Establish checkpoints –Be flexible –Provide accurate and reliable cost and benefit information

36. 36 Information Technology Department ●The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s information systems Figure 1-30

37. 37 Information Technology Department ●Application Development –Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members ●Systems Support –Provides hardware and software support ●User Support –Provides users with technical information, training, and productivity support

38. 38 Information Technology Department ●Database Administration –Database design, management, security, backup, and user access ●Network Administration –Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security ●Web Support –Design and construction of web pages and presence. Important for e-commerce

39. 39 The Systems Analyst Position ●A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems ●On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team. ●Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work

40. 40 The Systems Analyst Position ●Responsibilities ●Required Skills and Background Figure 1-31

41. 41 Homework ● 搜尋兩家公司之組織圖，並比較 MIS 部門在 組織圖中的位階。 ● 請說明所選擇的企業之相關資訊，如： – 公司歷史與重要里程碑、資本額、營業額、員工 人數、行業別、主要產品等。