1. Metode Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Bersifat Kontiniu (Process Costing)
Pertemuan 4
Metode Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Bersifat Kontiniu (Process Costing)

2. Pengertian Power Point berikutnya dapat dilihat dan dipelajari.
Process Costing adalah suatu metode perhitungan harga pokok produksi suatu jenis barang secara terus menerus atau kontinu.
Power Point berikutnya dapat dilihat dan dipelajari.

3. Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs
Process Costing
Job-order Costing
Many units of a single, homogeneous product flow evenly through a continuous production process.
One unit of product is indistinguishable from any other unit of product.
Each unit of product is assigned the same average cost.

4. Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs
Process Costing
Job-order Costing
Typical process cost applications:
Petrochemical refinery
Paint manufacturer
Paper mill

5. Differences Between Job-Order and Process Costing
Job order costing
Many jobs are worked during the period.
Costs are accumulated by individual jobs.
Job cost sheet is the key document.
Unit cost computed by job.
Process costing
A single product is produced for a long period of time.
Costs are accumulated by departments.
Department production report is key document.
Unit costs are computed by department.

6. Process Costing Direct Materials
Direct labor costs may be small in comparison to other product
costs in process cost systems.
Conversion
Dollar Amount
Direct Labor
Type of Product Cost

7. Process Costing Direct Materials
Direct labor costs may be small in comparison to other product
costs in process cost systems.
Conversion
Dollar Amount
Type of Product Cost
So, direct labor and manufacturing overhead are often combined into one product cost called conversion.

8. Comparing Job-Order and Process Costing
Direct Materials
Work in Process
Finished Goods
Direct Labor
Cost of Goods Sold
ManufacturingOverhead

9. Comparing Job-Order and Process Costing
Costs are traced and applied to individual jobs in a job-order cost system.
Direct Materials
Jobs
Finished Goods
Direct Labor
ManufacturingOverhead
Cost of Goods Sold

10. Comparing Job-Order and Process Costing
Costs are traced and applied to departments in a process cost system.
Direct Materials
Processing
Department
Finished Goods
Direct Labor
ManufacturingOverhead
Cost of Goods Sold

11. Manufacturing Overhead
Process Cost Flows: Let’s look at cost flows in a process cost system with Dept.A and B. We will use T-Account’s and start with materials
Work in Process Department A
Raw Materials
Direct Materials
Direct Materials
Purchases
Indirect Materials
Direct Labor
Manufacturing Overhead
Work in Process Department B
Actual
Applied
Direct Materials
Other Overhead
Indirect Materials

12. Manufacturing Overhead
Process Cost Flows
Work in Process Department A
Wages Payable
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Direct Labor
Indirect Labor
Manufacturing Overhead
Work in Process Department B
Actual
Applied
Direct Materials
Other Overhead
Direct Labor
Indirect Materials
Indirect Labor

13. Process Cost Flows: Next transfer work from Dept A to Dept.B
Work in Process Department A
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Applied Overhead
Manufacturing Overhead
Work in Process Department B
Actual
Applied
Direct Materials
Other Overhead
Overhead Applied to Work in Process
Direct Labor
Indirect Materials
Applied Overhead
Indirect Labor

14. Process Cost Flows: New let’s complete the goods in Dept B and sell them
Work in Process Department A
Work in Process Department B
Direct Materials
Transferred to Dept. B
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Direct Labor
Applied Overhead
Applied Overhead
Transferred from Dept. A

15. Cost of Goods Manufactured
Process Cost Flows
Work in Process Department B
Finished Goods
Direct Materials
Cost of Goods Manufactured
Cost of Goods Manufactured
Cost of Goods Sold
Direct Labor
Applied Overhead
Transferred from Dept. A
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of Goods Sold

16. Equivalent Units of Production
Equivalent units are partially complete and are part of work in process inventory. Partially completed products are expressed in terms of a smaller number of fully completed units.

17. Equivalent Units of Production
Two half completed products are equivalent to one completed product. + = 1
So, 10,000 units 70 percent complete are equivalent to 7,000 complete units.

18. Calculating and Using Equivalent Units of Production
To calculate the cost per equivalent unit for the period:
Cost per equivalent unit
Costs for the period Equivalent units of production for the period =

19. Equivalent Units of Production – Weighted Average Method
The weighted average method . . .
Makes no distinction between work done in prior and current period.
Blends together units and costs from prior period and current period.
Let’s see how this works!

20. Weighted Average Example
Smith Company reported the following activity in Department A for the month of June:

21. Weighted Average Example
Equivalent units are calculated as follows:

22. Weighted Average Example
Equivalent units are calculated as follows:

23. Weighted Average Example
Equivalent units are calculated as follows:

24. Weighted Average Example
Equivalent units of production always equals:
Units completed and transferred
+ Equivalent units remaining in work in process

25. Weighted Average Example
Materials
6,000 Units Started
Beginning Work in Process 300 Units 40% Complete
Ending Work in Process 900 Units 60% Complete
5,100 Units Started and Completed
5,400 Units Completed
5,400 Units Completed
900 × 60%
540 Equivalent Units
5,940 Equivalent units of production

26. Weighted Average Example
Conversion
6,000 Units Started
Ending Work in Process 900 Units 30% Complete
Beginning Work in Process 300 Units 20% Complete
5,100 Units Started and Completed
5,400 Units Completed
900 × 30%
270 Equivalent Units
5,670 Equivalent units of production

27. Production Report Production Report
Shows the flow of units and costs through work in process
Becomes the job cost sheet in process costing
Helps managers control their departments
Provides cost information for financial statements
Production Report

28. A computation of cost per equivalent unit.
Production Report
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Production Report
A quantity schedule showing the flow of units and the computation of equivalent units.
A computation of cost per equivalent unit.

29. Production Report Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Production Report
A reconciliation of cost flows for the period, including:
Total cost for units completed and transferred from the processing department.
Total cost for partially completed units remaining in work in process.

30. Production Report Example
Double Diamond Skis uses process costing to determine unit costs in its Shaping and Milling Department.
Double Diamond uses the weighted average cost procedure.
Using the following information for the month of May, let’s prepare a production report for Shaping and Milling.

31. Production Report Example
Work in process, May 1: units
Materials: 55% complete. $ ,600
Conversion: 30% complete ,575
Production started during May: 5,000 units
Production completed during May: 4,800 units
Costs added to production in May
Materials cost $ 368,600
Conversion cost ,900
Work in process, May 31: 400 units
Materials 40% complete.
Conversion 25% complete.

32. Production Report Example
Section 1: Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units

33. Production Report Example
Section 1: Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units

34. Production Report Example
Section 1: Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units

35. Production Report Example
Section 2: Compute cost per equivalent unit

36. Production Report Example
Section 2: Compute cost per equivalent unit
$378,200 ÷ 4,960 units = $76.25

37. Production Report Example
Section 2: Compute cost per equivalent unit
$356,475 ÷ 4,900 units = $72.75

38. Production Report Example
Section 3: Cost Reconciliation

39. Production Report Example
Section 3: Cost Reconciliation
4,800 $149.00

40. Production Report Example
Section 3: Cost Reconciliation
160 $76.25
100 $72.75
All costs accounted for

41. Operation Costing
Operation costing employs some aspects of both job-order and process costing.
Job-order
Costing
Operation Costing
(Products produced in batches)
Process
Costing
Material Costs Charged to batches as in job-order costing.
Conversion costs assigned to batches as in process costing.

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