1. Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Berdasarkan Pesanan (Job-Order Costing) Pertemuan 3

2. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Pengertian Job Order Costing adalah menentukan harga pokok produksi per unit dengan cara mengumpulkan semua biaya produksi untuk setiap pesanan Power Point berikutnya dapat dilihat dan dipelajari..

3. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs Process Costing Job-order Costing  Many different products are produced each period.  Products are manufactured to order.  Cost are traced or allocated to jobs.  Cost records must be maintained for each distinct product or job.  Many different products are produced each period.  Products are manufactured to order.  Cost are traced or allocated to jobs.  Cost records must be maintained for each distinct product or job. Chapter 4

4. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs Process Costing Job-order Costing Typical job order cost applications:  Special-order printing  Building construction Also used in the service industry  Hospitals  Law firms Typical job order cost applications:  Special-order printing  Building construction Also used in the service industry  Hospitals  Law firms

5. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Costing Direct material Direct labor Manufacturing overhead (OH) Applied to each job using a predetermined rate Manufacturing overhead (OH) Applied to each job using a predetermined rate Traced directly to each job The Job

6. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Sequence of Events in a Job- Order Costing System Receive orders from customers Schedule jobs Begin production Order materials

7. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Manufacturing Overhead Job No. 1 Job No. 2 Job No. 3 Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed. Sequence of Events in a Job- Order Costing System Direct Materials Direct Labor

8. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Apply overhead to each job using a predeter- mined rate. Sequence of Events in a Job- Order Costing System Direct Materials Direct Labor Job No. 1 Job No. 2 Job No. 3 Manufacturing Overhead

9. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin PearCo Job Cost Sheet Job Number A - 143Date Initiated 3-4-01 Date Completed Department B3Units Completed Item Wooden cargo crate Direct MaterialsDirect LaborManufacturing Overhead Req. No.AmountTicketHoursAmountHoursRateAmount Cost SummaryUnits Shipped Direct MaterialsDateNumberBalance Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Total Cost Unit Product Cost Job-Order Cost Accounting

10. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting Let’s see one A materials requisition form is used to authorize the use of materials on a job.

11. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Materials Requisition Form Will E. Delite

12. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Materials Requisition Form Will E. Delite Type, quantity, and total cost of material charged to job A-143. Cost of material is charged to job A-143.

13. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting

14. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting Workers use time tickets to record the time spent on each job. Let’s see one

15. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Employee Time Ticket

16. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting

17. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting Apply manufacturing overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate of $4 per direct labor hour (DLH). Let’s do it

18. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Cost Accounting

19. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period POHR = The predetermined overhead rate (POHR) used to apply overhead to jobs is determined before the period begins. Application of Manufacturing Overhead Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.

20. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Actual amount of the allocation base such as units produced, direct labor hours, or machine hours incurred during the period. Based on estimates, and determined before the period begins. Application of Manufacturing Overhead Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity

21. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Application of Manufacturing Overhead Recall the wooden crate example where: Overhead applied = $4 per DLH × 8 DLH = $32 Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity

22. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Using a predetermined rate makes it possible to estimate total job costs sooner. Actual overhead for the period is not known until the end of the period. The Need for a Predetermined Manufacturing Overhead Rate (POR). Pembebanan Overhead di Muka $

23. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin PearCo applies overhead based on direct labor hours. Total estimated overhead for the year is $640,000. Total estimated labor cost is $1,400,000 and total estimated labor hours are 160,000. What is PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate per hour? Overhead Application Example

24. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin For each direct labor hour worked on a job, $4.00 of factory overhead will be applied to the job. Overhead Application Example POHR = $4.00 per DLH $640,000 160,000 direct labor hours (DLH) POHR = Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period POHR =

25. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Overhead Application Example What amount of overhead will PearCo apply to Job X-32?

26. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Overhead Application Example

27. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Overhead Application Example

28. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Job Cost Sheets Materials Requisition Manufacturing Overhead Account Direct materials Indirect materials Materials used may be either direct or indirect.

29. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Job Cost Sheets Employee Time Ticket Manufacturing Overhead Account An employee’s time may be either direct or indirect. Direct Labor Indirect Labor

30. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Manufacturing Overhead Account Other Actual OH Charges Job Cost Sheets Applied Overhead Materials Requisition Employee Time Ticket Indirect Material Indirect Labor

31. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Raw Materials Material Purchases Mfg. Overhead Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Indirect Materials ActualApplied Job-Order System Cost Flows

32. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Mfg. Overhead Salaries and Wages Payable Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Overhead Applied Overhead Applied to Work in Process Direct Labor Indirect Labor Indirect Materials ActualApplied If actual and applied manufacturing overhead are not equal, a year-end adjustment is required. Job-Order System Cost Flows

33. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Finished Goods Cost of Goods Mfd. Cost of Goods Sold Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Direct Labor Overhead Applied Cost of Goods Sold Job-Order System Cost Flows

34. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin PearCo’s actual overhead for the year was $650,000 for a total of 170,000 direct labor hours. How much total overhead was applied to PearCo’s jobs during the year? Use PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per direct labor hour. PearCo’s actual overhead for the year was $650,000 for a total of 170,000 direct labor hours. How much total overhead was applied to PearCo’s jobs during the year? Use PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per direct labor hour. Overhead Application Example SOLUTION Applied Overhead = POHR × Actual Direct Labor Hours Applied Overhead = $4.00 per DLH × 170,000 DLH = $680,000 PearCo has overapplied overhead for the year by $30,000. What will PearCo do?

35. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Work in Process Finished Goods Cost of Goods Sold $30,000 may be allocated to these accounts. Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead $30,000 may be closed directly to cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold PearCo’s Method OR

36. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead PearCo’s Mfg. Overhead Actual overhead costs $650,000 $30,000 overapplied PearCo’s Cost of Goods Sold Unadjusted Balance $30,000 Adjusted Balance Overhead Applied to jobs $680,000

37. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead - Summary PearCo’s Method

38. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Tiger, Inc. had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $1,210,000 and a predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per machine hour. Tiger, Inc. worked 290,000 machine hours during the period. Tiger’s manufacturing overhead is a. $50,000 overapplied. b. $50,000 underapplied. c. $60,000 overapplied. d. $60,000 underapplied. Tiger, Inc. had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $1,210,000 and a predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per machine hour. Tiger, Inc. worked 290,000 machine hours during the period. Tiger’s manufacturing overhead is a. $50,000 overapplied. b. $50,000 underapplied. c. $60,000 overapplied. d. $60,000 underapplied. Quick Check Overhead Applied $4.00 per hour × 290,000 hours = $1,160,000 Underapplied Overhead $1,210,000 - $1,160,000 = $50,000 Overhead Applied $4.00 per hour × 290,000 hours = $1,160,000 Underapplied Overhead $1,210,000 - $1,160,000 = $50,000

39. The Predetermined Overhead Rate & Capacity (Pembebanan Overhead di Muka) Appendix 3a

40. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Basing the rate on capacity Pertemuan 3 selesai

41. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Basing the rate on expected volume (Pertemuan 3 selesai)