1. Energy Revolution Policies for a Sustainable Future Howard Geller Chapter 1:Introduction Summary:James Silva Critique:Patrick Wilkinson

2. Overview Author’s Divisions: What they cover Current Energy Trends and Their Implications: Where we are The Energy Revolution-Toward a Sustainable Future:Where we can go Economic and Social Context:Part of the bigger picture Summary

3. Current Energy Trends and Their Implications “Business-as-usual” High Costs Large amounts of capital needed for energy projects High percentages of income devoted to energy in developing countries Local and Regional Air Pollution Energy producing countries – Kazakhstan Indoor – cooking/heating Global Warming CO 2 -> Temperature -> Climate

4. Current Energy Trends and Their Implications Security Risks Dependence on oil imports Resource Depletion Peak and decrease of oil production Inequity Per capita use in North America 10 times that in Africa and Asia

5. The Energy Revolution-Toward a Sustainable Future “Low Growth, Low Carbon Scenario” vs. “High Growth, High Coal Use Scenario” Renewable Energy Sources Increased use, lower costs

6. The Energy Revolution-Toward a Sustainable Future Energy Efficiency Opportunities

7. The Energy Revolution-Toward a Sustainable Future The Role for Natural Gas Not an end goal: “bridging fuel” What about Nuclear Power? More/Less R&D?

8. Economic and Social Context Increasing Globalization International view Restructuring and Privatization Improvement not assured Rapid Technological Innovation Large/small scale, rich/poor Urbanization Pluses/minuses urban energy use

9. Summary Need business-as-UNusual? Preview of other chapters

10. Passing the Baton James hands it off to Pat, in order to make use of this nifty background.

11. SUMMARY The Good The Bad The Overview

12. THE GOOD Well Presented & Organized Presents current and future trends Addresses all scenarios Cost, pollution, security risks, resource depletion, renewable energy sources, efficiency opportunities, globalization, and urbanization Concerns for both the environment and the human race Addresses disparities between the wealthy and the poor Energy consumption and availability

13. THE GOOD Facts, Facts, Facts References, References, References Each paragraph contains at least one reference Solid foundation for rest of book

14. THE BAD Contradictory Statements Ex. “As bad as outdoor air pollution is in many developing countries, indoor air pollution from burning fuelwood and agricultural residues for cooking and heating is an even greater health hazard.” “Biomass energy includes wood, forestry and agricultural residues….” “Biomass can be burned for space heating, cooking, or production of electricity….”

15. THE BAD Security Risks “… several hundred billion dollars were spent on the 1990-91 war in Iraq, a war fought in large part to protect oil supplies.” “Osama bin Laden was enraged by the presence of American soldiers in Saudi Arabia, a presence driven by our thirst for oil and concern for stability in the region. The fact that Western nations support undemocratic, repressive governments in the Middle East as long as they keep the oil flowing also contributes to poverty, frustration, and terrorism.

16. THE BAD Evidence? “The carbon dioxide concentration is higher today than at any point during the past 420,000 years, and the rate of increase is unprecedented during at least the past 20,000 years.” Where and how is the data collected?  Is it accurate? Could the past 20,000 years be linked to the spread of the human race as well as the change from hunters and gatherers to urbanization?  Hasn’t the biggest increase occurred since the industrial revolution?

17. THE OVERVIEW Great introductory chapter Presents material clearly and in an organized fashion Contradictory Biomass statement Brought up our “thirst for oil” and “concern for stability” However, overall the chapter was successful in conveying its message Current trends cannot continue We have to make a change

18. QUESTIONS ? COMMENTS ?