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Weight and Balance
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Weight Aerodynamic Stability Control Overall Performance
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Excessive Weight
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Higher takeoff speed Longer takeoff run Reduced rate and angle of climb Lower maximum altitude
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Excessive Weight Shorter range and endurance Reduced cruise speed and maneuverability Higher stall speed Higher landing speed and longer landing roll
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Maximum Limits Maximum ramp weight Maximum takeoff weight Maximum landing weight Maximum zero fuel weight
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Center of Gravity Limits Center of Gravity Reference Datum Arm Moment
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Center of Gravity Limits MAC LEMAC TEMAC
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Forward CG Effects Higher takeoff speed and ground roll Reduced rate and angle of climb Lower maximum altitude Reduced maneuverability
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Forward CG Effects Higher stalling speed Reduction in performance caused by increased tail-down loading Reduced pitch authority
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Beyond Aft CG Effects Decreased stability and increased susceptibility to over control Increased risk of stalls and spins of which recovery may be difficult or impossible
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Lateral CG Effects Fuel imbalance Aileron positioning Decreased cruise speed, range, and endurance
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Weight&Balance Documents Weight and Balance Report Equipment List Empty Weight center of gravity Licensed empty weight After 1979 changed to Basic empty weight Useful load
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W & B Computations Moment indexes Center of Gravity found by dividing the total moment by the total weight Computation Method Graph Method Table Method
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Weight Shift Computations Weight of Cargo Moved Distance CG moves Airplane weight = Distance Between Arm locations
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