1. A Simple Guide to Using SPSS© for Windows
By: Julia Hartman    

2. Using SPSS© for Windows
Introduction
Data procedures
Statistical procedures
Syntax files
Editing output

3. Introduction

4. Steps for Analyzing Data
Enter the data
Select the procedure and options
Select the variables
Run the procedure
Examine the output

5. Common Operations - Menu Options
In the menu, click Statistics
Choose Summarize
Click Frequencies

6. Common Operations - Variables Dialog Box
This type of dialog box is used for many procedures.
Variables are selected from the list on the left.
Click the arrow to move them to the appropriate box on the right.

7. Using SPSS© for Windows - Data Procedures
Ways to Enter Data
Entering Data Directly
Defining variables
Entering data
Viewing Data
Recoding Variables
Computing New Variables
Selecting Cases

8. Ways to Enter the Data SPSS datafile Import data
Database file
Spreadsheet file
ASCII text file
Enter data directly with Data Editor

9. Entering Data Directly-Define the Variables

10. Entering Data Directly- Define the Variable
Name
Type and size
Labels
Missing values

11. Define the Variable - Name
Name the variable
No more than 8 characters
Each name unique
Must begin with a letter
Certain characters not allowed
Not case sensitive

12. Define the Variable - Type
Define the variable width.
Define the number of decimal places.

13. Define the Variable - Labels
Labels will be displayed in the output.
Variable Label
can be more descriptive than variable name
Value Labels
useful for files that use numeric codes

14. Define the Variable - Missing Values
Missing values are used to define user-specified missing information.
No response
Refused to answer
Data entry mistakes

15. Define the Variable - Column Format
Column Format is used to define column width and alignment in the Data Editor window

16. Entering Data Directly
Each row is a case (e.g., survey form).
Enter the value for each variable.
Press <Tab> key or right arrow key to move to next variable.

17. Entering Data Directly
Leave blank or use user-defined missing value if no answer.
Press <Enter> key to move to next case.

18. Change the View - Value Labels
Data entered as numeric codes can be displayed as value labels.
In the menu, click View
Click Value Labels

19. Recode Procedure Recode is used to
to change the values of an existing variable
to create a new variable based on the values an existing variable

20. Recode into New Variable
In the menu, click Transform.
Select Recode.
Click Into Different Variable(s)

21. Recode into New Variable
Select and move variable(s) over.
Name and label new variable.
Click Old and New Values

22. Recode into New Variable
For each value of the existing variable
Enter the old value
Enter the new value
Click Add
Repeat for each value or range of values
Click Continue

23. Recode into New Variable
Click Change
Click OK

24. Define Labels for New Variable
In the Data menu, click Define Variable.
Click Labels.
Enter value labels for the new variable.
Click Continue.

25. Compute Procedure Compute is used to create a new variable.
In the menu, click Transform.
Click Compute.

26. Compute Procedure Name the new variable.
Click Type&Label to define the characteristics of the new variable.

27. Compute Procedure
Label the new variable.
Enter the variable type.

28. Compute Procedure
Enter the numeric expression that will determine the values of the new variable.
Click OK.

29. Select Cases For a subset of the datafile, use Select Cases.
In the menu, click Data.
Click Select Cases...

30. Select Cases - Alcohol drinkers only
To select only those cases which meet certain criteria, choose the If option.

31. Select Cases - Alcohol drinkers only
Enter the expression that will determine which variables will be selected.
Click Continue.

32. Select Cases - Alcohol drinkers only
When you’ve finished specifying selection criteria, click OK.

33. Using SPSS© for Windows - Statistical Procedures
Summarizing Data
Frequencies
Crosstabs (Chi Square)
Comparing Means
T-Tests
One-Way Analysis of Variance
Nonparametric Tests
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks
Mann-Whitney U
Kruskal-Wallis

34. Frequencies In the menu, click Statistics Choose Summarize
Click Frequencies

35. Frequencies
Select and move the variables.
Click Statistics.

36. Frequencies
Choose the appropriate statistics.
Click Continue.

37. Frequencies - Charts
For histograms or other charts, click Charts.

38. Frequencies
Choose the type of chart and click Continue

39. Frequencies
To select the format of the table(s), click Format.

40. Choose the format and click Continue
Frequencies
Choose the format and click Continue

41. Click OK to run the Frequencies procedure.

42. Frequencies - Format option Organize Output by Variables

43. Frequencies - Format Option Compare Variables

44. Frequencies - Distribution Table

45. Frequencies - Histogram

46. Crosstabs In the menu, click on Statistics Choose Summarize
Click Crosstabs

47. Crosstabs Move the outcome variable(s) to the Row(s) box.
Move the predictor variable(s) to the Column(s) box.
Click Statistics.

48. Crosstabs
Select the appropriate statistics.
Click Continue.

49. Crosstabs
To select the counts, percentages, and residuals to be displayed in each cell, click Cells.

50. Crosstabs Select the information to be displayed in each cell.
Click Continue.

51. Crosstabs
To run the Crosstabs procedure, click OK.

52. Crosstabs - Output

53. Crosstabs - Output

54. Independent Samples T-Test
In the menu, click Statistics.
Choose Compare Means.
Click Independent Samples T-Test.

55. Independent Samples T-Test
Select and move
Test Variable(s)
Grouping Variable
Click Define Groups.

56. Independent Samples T-Test
Enter the values for the groups.
Click Continue.

57. Independent Samples T-Test
Click OK to run the procedure.

58. Independent Samples T-Test - Output

59. One-Way Analysis of Variance
In the menu, click on Statistics.
Choose Compare Means.
Click One-Way Analysis of Variance.

60. One-Way Analysis of Variance
Move the dependent variable(s) to the Dependent List box.
Move the grouping variable(s) to the Factor box.
For comparison tests, click Post Hoc.

61. One-Way Analysis of Variance
Select the appropriate Post Hoc comparisons.
Click Continue.

62. One-Way Analysis of Variance
Click Options for
Descriptive statistics
Homogeneity of variance
Mean plots
Missing values options

63. One-Way Analysis of Variance
Make appropriate selections, then click Continue.

64. One-Way Analysis of Variance
To run the One-way ANOVA procedure, click OK.

65. One-Way Analysis of Variance - Output

66. One-Way Analysis of Variance - Output

67. One-Way Analysis of Variance - Output

68. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
In the menu, click Statistics
Choose Nonparametric Tests
Click 2 Related Samples

69. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Move selected variable pairs to the Test Pair(s) List box.
Choose the statistical test(s).
Click Options...

70. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Check Descriptives box for descriptive statistics.

71. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Click OK to run the procedure.

72. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

73. Mann-Whitney U Test In the menu, click Statistics
Choose Nonparametric Tests
Click 2 Independent Samples

74. Mann-Whitney U Test Select and move Click Define Groups.
Test Variable(s)
GroupingVariable
Click Define Groups.

75. Mann-Whitney U Test
Enter the values for the groups.
Click Continue.

76. Mann-Whitney U Test Click Options.
After changing options, click Continue.
Click OK to run the procedure.

77. Mann-Whitney U Test - Output

78. Kruskal-Wallis Test In the menu, click Statistics
Choose Nonparametric Tests
Click K Independent Samples

79. Kruskal-Wallis Test
Move the dependent variable(s) to the Test Variable List box.
Move the grouping variable(s) to the Grouping Variable box.
Click Define Range.

80. Kruskal-Wallis Test
Enter the minimum and maximum values for the Grouping Variable.
Click Continue.

81. Kruskal-Wallis Test Check the box for the Kruskal-Wallis H.
Click OK to run the procedure.

82. Kruskal-Wallis Test - Output

83. Using SPSS© for Windows - Editing the Output
Pivot Tables
Scatterplots
Charts

84. Scatterplot
In the menu, click on Graphs.
Choose Scatter….

85. Scatterplot
Choose the appropriate type of plot.
Click Define.

86. Scatterplot
Select and move the variables for the X and Y axes to the appropriate box.
Click OK to run the procedure.

87. Scatterplot - Output
Regression line must be added.

88. Edit the Scatterplot In the Output Window
Click the chart object to select it.
In the menu, click Edit.
Choose SPSS Chart Object.
Click Open.

89. The Chart Window will open.
Scatterplot
The Chart Window will open.

90. Edit the Scatterplot In the Chart Window In the menu, click Chart.
Click Options.

91. Edit the Scatterplot
Check the Total box.
Click OK.

92. Regression line is added.
Scatterplot - Output
Regression line is added.

93. A Syntax File is a text file that contains SPSS commands.
Syntax Files
A Syntax File is a text file that contains SPSS commands.

94. Uses for Syntax Files
Some commands and options are available only by using command syntax.
Syntax files let you save a program so you can repeat it or edit it to use different variables.
Syntax files let you run a program using SPSS Production Facility.

95. Copying to a Syntax File
The Paste button copies the commands for a procedure into a syntax file.

96. A syntax file can be edited in the Syntax Editor window.
Editing Syntax Files
A syntax file can be edited in the Syntax Editor window.

97. Opening a New Syntax File
A new Syntax File can be opened from the File menu.

98. A syntax file can be edited in the Syntax Editor window.
Running Syntax Files
A syntax file can be edited in the Syntax Editor window.

99. Chi Square
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