1. Presented By: By: By: Web Address: <http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/1013/tools_1-1.html> Topic Number: Topic Number: Date: Date:

2. Digital Design Divergence The evolution of computer-aided design in architecture can be viewed as the search for technology that can fulfill certain preconceived roles, such as drafting and modeling.

3. Computers helps to visualize and measure natural phenomena like wind patterns around tall buildings. example

4. digital technology is something that can actually change how the built environment is conceived, constructed, and used. Computers can change the tasks they are applied to, creating new roles for themselves along the way.

5. An early knowledge-based CAD system, integrating geometric modeling and drafting.

6. Design Assistants digital design tools could be infused with "intelligence" and "volition" of their own. In the design process, the role of computational assistants is useful to that of a junior designer. Digital assistants could watch out for known problems, and resolve them. Answer questions submitted by less capable tools and supervise their operations. Answer questions submitted by less capable tools and supervise their operations.

7. Advantages of computers: computers can go beyond the abilities of their human operators : unlimited patience infallible memory enormous speed find answers to baffling questions contribute to the new knowledge

8. Design Environments The need to design "in" the computer, had the unintended but critical effect of transforming the computer from a design "tool," in the traditional sense of the word, into a design environment: a "place" where design occurs.

9. Times Square, New York, is a physical environment infused with ever-changing media that blur the boundaries of space and information

10. The designer is like a pencil does, allowing him to design wherever and whenever desired, computers force designers to come to them. Designers are constrained and shoehorned into the machine's environment. The computer has changed the culture of the design profession. In the early days, computers were too expensive to sit idle, designers had to work in shifts.

11. Later, the addition of Internet communication has contributed to creating a global design environment, diminishing the importance of collocation and transcending time zones. Communication is the key to the success of design projects.

12. Habitable Physical Environments Changing the culture of the design profession by placing it within the domain of the computer is, however, only the first of three emerging effects of computers as environments. The second effect — computers as inhabitable physical environments — was envisioned by the Architecture Machine Group at MIT in the early 1970s.

13. In its 21st-century incarnation, the vision of inhabitable environments infused with many computational devices has taken the form of computer-controlled like : Temperature. Temperature. Humidity. Humidity. Lighting. Lighting. Security systems. Security systems. Elevators. Elevators. Doors. Doors. Electronic building "skins". Electronic building "skins".

14. The KAAD system can detect and flag the designer's mistakes.

15. The diffusion of computers into our everyday environment has the effect of making the environment more "intelligent" Such as :- The control of temperature through a thermostat The opening of the supermarket doors as we approach. Scheduling elevators to meet the needs of rush- hour traffic in an office building based on expected activities.

16. The Guggenheim Virtual Museum is an Internet-based museum for digital and Internet art, where the user can view or survey recent electronic acquisitions as well as other museum content.

17. The third effect is the advent of cyberspace Although it can only be experienced through the mediation of computers and can only be inhabited by proxy, cyberspace is fast becoming an extension of our physical and temporal existence. Virtual Environments

18. Already video conferencing, e-commerce, and video entertainment are migrating to cyberspace, leaving behind the agoras, bazaars, and amphitheatres of the past. The new "space" is virtual, the construction of computers. The roles of computing, with regard to architecture, are thus multifarious and have varying degrees of impacts. They range from being tools to more pervasive (and invasive) impacts as environments within which design and even inhabitation itself occurs.