2. Planet Rock

3. Rap l In the mid-70's an new kind of rock emerged from the south Bronx area of New York City, it was pioneered by DJ Kool Herc, a Jamaican immigrant - RAP. l Rap - the verbal art of rhythmic rhyming. l Hip-Hop - the entire cultural stylistic package.

4. Rap (cont.) l The DJ is in the back of the stage manipulating vinyl records and turntables to create musical collages and percussive "scratching" effects. l Hip-hopper crews or "posses" in the front of the stage rapping and working the crowd. l Break Dancing was going on all over the place amid the graffiti art that went along with the cultural surroundings.

5. The Rap Breakthrough l DJ Afrika Bambaataa and his rap crew, Soul Sonic Force, released a single "Planet Rock" which pioneered Electro-Hip-Hop using synthesizers and sequencer and advanced studio technology.

6. DJ Afrika Bambaataa

7. The Rap Breakthrough (cont.) l DJ Grandmaster Flash and his rap crew, The Furious Five, teamed up with the most outstanding Funk bands of the 80's, Fats Comet and/or Tackhead, and released "The Message".

8. The Rap Breakthrough (cont.) l Run DMC (two rappers and a DJ from Queens, N.Y.) did an Aerosmith cover of "Walk This Way". This 1986 cover was Rap's commercial breakthrough as the rap/metal crossover tune spread across America.

9. The Rap Breakthrough (cont.) l The Beastie Boys took Hip-Hop to the top with their album "Licensed to Ill". l Michael Jackson teamed up with medal guitarist Van Halen on a rap/metal crossover single "Beat It" from his "Thriller" album, and broke the ice for black- music videos on the increasingly crucial MTV.

10. Other Rock Trends of the 80's and 90's l The 80's were dominated by dance-pop superstars; such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Prince. l Progressive and Heavy-metal bands with blues-derived riffing virtuosity of the late 60's and early 70's prospered.

11. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l Bruce Springsteen thrived on a Pop/R&B style. l Ireland's U2 achieved worldwide megastardom with their minimalist approach to sonic/drone legacy of the Velvet Underground and Television. They reached the top in 1987 with "The Joshua Tree".

12. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l REM revived the jangly 12-string guitar textures and folksy fingerpicking of the mid-60's Byrds. l Peter Gabriel (from Genesis) composed atmospheric techno-rock soundscapes that incorporated Asian and African traditions.

13. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l Heavy Metal was being revitalized by the legacy of Punk, and emerged as Thrash in groups such as Metalica, Megadeath, and Exodus.

14. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l Grindcore and Grunge emerged by groups who radically slowed down tempos of Thrash without sacrificing the abrasive edge. The pioneers of this combination of metal, thrash, punk, hard core, and 70's hard rock were Black Flag in Los Angeles and Flipper in San Francisco.

15. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l The Grunge style found its way to Seattle where Nirvana hit it big in 1991 with "Nevermind". l Other Seattle bands, especially Soundgarden and Pearl Jam, were also soon storming pop charts.

16. Other Rock Trends of the 80’s and 90’s (cont.) l Sonic Youth emerged from New York; they had formidable music skills and a strong grasp of style. They pioneered alternative tunings for the guitar, this opened up a fresh field of melodic and harmonic options. Their 1988 double LP, “Daydream Nation” is a masterpiece.

17. International Rock Trends in the 2000’s l The 2000’s has shown groups making significant contributions from around the world: There’s Zouk from Guadeloupe, Mbalax from Senegal, Mapzanga from South Africa, Soca from Trinidad, Compas from Haiti – the list goes on and on.