1. Research Current and future Shraddha Verma

2. Current Research Development of the accounting profession in India from independence in 1947 Development of the accounting profession in India from independence in 1947 Intangibles – trademark protection and goodwill Intangibles – trademark protection and goodwill

3. Development of the accounting system in India To explore the social economic and cultural context on the development of accounting in India post independence To explore the social economic and cultural context on the development of accounting in India post independence Politics of accounting Politics of accounting Professionalisation of accounting Professionalisation of accounting

4. Key findings Social and political environment important influence on accounting system Social and political environment important influence on accounting system –Changes to the accounting system initiated for economic and social reasons –Accounting systems not congruent with the social and political environment will not be seen –Government and Indian accountants key influences on accounting change and development in India post independence

5. Involvement of Government Government major influence on the process of accounting development Government major influence on the process of accounting development –Accounting regulations included in Companies Act 1956 –Major involvement of Government in the establishment and structure of the professional accounting bodies in India –Involvement on issues relevant to ICAI in early years e.g. mutual recognition

6. Trademark protection Casestudy of Bass investigating trademark protection in Bass c.1870- c.1914 Casestudy of Bass investigating trademark protection in Bass c.1870- c.1914 Discuss the scale of trademark infringement and action to suppress fraud by Bass Discuss the scale of trademark infringement and action to suppress fraud by Bass Alternative strategy to entering tied house market Alternative strategy to entering tied house market

7. Bass’s trading history Bass set up in 1777 and by 1820 had become one of the most important brewers in UK Bass set up in 1777 and by 1820 had become one of the most important brewers in UK Post 1870 faced more difficult business climate Post 1870 faced more difficult business climate Goodwill recorded when Bass changed its business structure to company in 1888 Goodwill recorded when Bass changed its business structure to company in 1888 Heavily dependent on free trade, entering tied house market late Heavily dependent on free trade, entering tied house market late

8. Methods of trademark protection Strongly protected its trademark from infringement both before and after the Trademark Protection Act 1875 Strongly protected its trademark from infringement both before and after the Trademark Protection Act 1875 Range of measures Range of measures –Links with other organisations eg bottling organisations and trade mark protection organisations –Constant vigilance and review of the trademarks of other organisations No action taken No action taken Informal agreements Informal agreements Legal agreements Legal agreements Taking legal action Taking legal action

9. Alternative strategy Bass’s chose alternative strategy to that of entering the tied house market, that of free trade with a strong trademark denoting the quality of the product Bass’s chose alternative strategy to that of entering the tied house market, that of free trade with a strong trademark denoting the quality of the product Successful strategy in financial terms Successful strategy in financial terms Importance of trademark protection and the many ways, both formal and informal, that Bass undertook this Importance of trademark protection and the many ways, both formal and informal, that Bass undertook this

10. Research interests in the future Development of accounting profession Development of accounting profession Intangibles - goodwill Intangibles - goodwill Accounting in specific industries in India e.g. textiles with comparisons to UK accounting Accounting in specific industries in India e.g. textiles with comparisons to UK accounting Open to other areas of collaboration Open to other areas of collaboration