1. An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology
Prepared By:
Daniel Guzman
Derek Maxwell

2. Chapter Overview Definition History Responses to Exercise Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology

3. Definition
Physiology of exercise is made up of both anatomy and physiology
Anatomy - Study of the body’s structures
Physiology- Study of the body’s functions

4. Definition Physiology of Exercise:
Is the study of how the human body adapts or alters its structures and functions to physical stress.

5. History
Early explanations of physiology were either vague or incorrect
Microscope

6. History The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory
Had the greatest impact on Physiology of Exercise.
Laid the foundation for what is now modern exercise and physiology
Nevada desert, Mississippi Delta, White MTN.
Was the mecca of exercise physiology

7. Responses to Exercise Acute Response
How the body responds to a bout of exercise
Factors that may alter an acute response
Temperature, humidity
Amount of noise
Food intake

8. Acute Response Table

9. Responses to Exercise Chronic Adaptations
Adaptations the body makes when challenged with repeated bouts of exercise
Improves exercise capacity and efficiency.

10. Ergometers
An ergometer is an exercise device that allows the amount and rate of a persons physical work to be controlled and measured.
ergo = work
meter = measure

11. Types of Ergometers The Cycle Ergometer
Advantages
Ease of taking blood pressure and blood sampling
Amount of work is independent of body weight
Disadvantages
Legs become fatigued before the rest of the body
Peak physiological variables are frequently lower than with other Ergometers

12. The Treadmill Advantages Disadvantages
Doesn’t need to be closely monitored due to the belt speed
Adaptability: everyone walks
Disadvantages
More expensive
Portability
When the treadmill requires jogging, taking blood pressure is difficult

13. The Swimming Flume Advantages Disadvantages
Allows swimmers to accurately simulate their natural style while being closely observed.
Disadvantages
Very expensive

14. Specificity of Exercise Testing
When using an ergometer for testing:
Select an ergometer that most closely approximates the activity of the given individual being tested.

15. Training Principles Specificity Disuse Progressive Overload Hard/Easy
Periodization

16. Specificity Optimal performance in a given activity Example:
A swimmer would train by swimming, not by running.

17. Disuse Use it or lose it Example:
If a marathon runner stops running, he won’t be able to run marathons anymore.

18. Progressive Overload
Increasing your physical capabilities by loading beyond the point to which you are normally used to
Example:
A short distance runner would run slightly longer distances every week until he can run a marathon.

19. Hard/Easy
Incorporate both hard and easy workouts into your training routine.
Example:
On a day following a high intensity workout, prescribe an easy training day so that the body can rest.

20. Research Methodology Research Design Cross-sectional research design
A large population is tested at the same time.
Physiological differences between groups within the population are used to estimate change.
Longitudinal Design
Individuals are tested more than once to measure changes over time.

21. Research Methodology
Longitudinal studies are generally the most accurate for studying a problem.
Cross-sectional studies are used usually when longitudinal studies are not possible.

22. Chapter Conclusion Definition History Responses to Exercise Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology