1. Essay Writing Dr. Mark Matthews Student Learning Development http://student-learning.tcd.ie

2. Discussion (5 mins) 1.How do you go about completing an assignment? 2.When do you start? 3.How do you get from the question to a completed answer? 1 Thing you would like help with today

3. Writing Stages/Phases 1.Planning 2.Thinking 3.Researching 4.Writing 5.Editing Think Write Plan

4. Planning the assignment Understand the question –Breakdown –Verbs Requirements –Length, Wording –Referencing

5. Planning time frame List tasks –Preliminaries –Gathering Information –Organising Information –Rough outline –Draft 1 –Draft 2 –References –Proofreading Create deadlines –_____________

6. ideas planning writing Brainstorm Organise Key message What do you want to say? Structure Communicating your ideas

7. Thinking Brainstorm –Ideas –What know –Try mindmapping Preliminary reading Refine topic Continues throughout process

8. Who are your readers ? Why are they reading? What is your goal? Questions?

9. Structure Introduction –outline of essay Main section –Main point A details, evidence –Main point B Conclusion –summary of main points –personal conclusions

10. Discuss the contribution of nursing models to the development of practice Key Words? –Discuss –Nursing model –Practice Key themes & arguments –Define model –Arguments –Advantages & Disadvantages of using models

11. Key Message: The are well-identified weaknesses with the dominant Nursing model that are overcome by using the new Vygotsky model. Discuss the contribution of nursing models to the development of practice

12. Outlining – Level 1 1. Nursing and models 2. History of models 3. The Markov Model: Strengths & Weaknesses 4. An alternative: Vygotsky 5. Conclusions

13. Outlining – Level 2 1.Nursing and models 1.1 Brief history of Nursing practice 1.2 The purpose of a model 2. History of models 2.1 The first model 2.2 Development and timeline. 3. The Markov Model: Strengths & Weaknesses 3.1 What is the model 3.2 Strengths 3.3 Weaknesses 4. An alternative: Vygotsky 4.1 What is Vygotsky Model 4.2 How overcomes weaknesses 5. Conclusions

14. Level 3 1.Nursing and models 1.1 Brief history of Nursing practice Began formally 1790 (Nightingale) Largely disorganised Original mission to heal… 1.2 The purpose of a model Because of disorganisation, model. Argument for a model. 2. History of models 2.1 The first model Johnson 1820 2.2 Development and timeline. Model A Model B 3. The Markov Model: Strengths & Weaknesses 3.1 What is the model Multi-team. 3.2 Strengths 3.3 Weaknesses 4. An alternative: Vygotsky 4.1 What is Vygotsky Model 4.2 How overcomes weaknesses 5. Conclusions Outlining – Level 3

15. Title: The Hazards of Moviegoing Introduction –Introductory statement –Thesis statement: I like watching movies but I prefer watching them at home. Body First Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): just getting to the theater presents difficulties bad weather long drive and limited parking space long waiting to buy ticket Second Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): facing the problems of the theater itself old theater's problems such as smelly carpet, worn-out seat, etc new theater's problems such as smaller size, noise from next movie theater, etc both floors will be rubber-like dirty at the end of the movie Third Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): Some of the patrons are annoying bad behavior such as running, talking loud, etc human noise and disturbance Conclusion –Closing statement –Restate thesis: I prefer to watch movies at home where it is comfortable, clean and safe.

16. Introduction Outline (5 mins) 1. Good health v. imp Welfare Economic development Social development 2. WHO’s goal Healthcare for all Balanced with countries able to pay for this 3. This report : What can be done to change health systems to achieve universal coverage Builds on new research and countries experience

17. The world health report - Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage Good health is essential to human welfare and to sustained economic and social development. WHO's Member States have set themselves the target of developing their health financing systems to ensure that all people can use health services, while being protected against financial hardship associated with paying for them. In this report, the World Health Organization maps out what countries can do to modify their financing systems so they can move more quickly towards this goal; it builds on new research and lessons learnt from country experience. Taken from Executive Summary to WHO report: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/index.html

18. The world health report - Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage Good health is essential to human welfare and to sustained economic and social development. WHO's Member States have set themselves the target of developing their health financing systems to ensure that all people can use health services, while being protected against financial hardship associated with paying for them. In this report, the World Health Organization maps out what countries can do to modify their financing systems so they can move more quickly towards this goal; it builds on new research and lessons learnt from Country experience. Taken from Executive Summary to WHO report: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/index.html

19. Reading & Researching Bring evidence in as witnesses Gather information relevant to topic Keep good notes –organise content according to outline –choose what to include Keep references Digest and reflect on information

20. Writing Start writing early –extend outline –one idea or section at a time –get something down! Write first, rough draft Revise & improve draft How many drafts?

21. Develop your argument Use source material Compare and contrast Show awareness of complexities Show line of reasoning –link points –central guiding line Your conclusions - based on evidence

22. References Why? Credit sources of information & ideas Reader can locate for further information if required Demonstrate breadth of reading & knowledge

23. References When? u Direct quotes u Paraphrases u Statistics/Studies u Theories u Interpretations u Facts

24. Plagiarism Using someone’s words or ideas and presenting them as your own (Marshall & Rowland, 1998) Inappropriate use of ideas from books, articles, internet, or other students’ work ???

25. Referencing Harvard referencing system Endnote Library video http://www.tcd.ie/Library/support/referencing.php Cite2Write http://www.cs.qub.ac.uk/emm/10170987/cite2write/

26. Sample marking criteria Focusing on a topic Structuring an essay Content Formulating arguments Presentation Referencing Evidence of language skills Use of learning resources

27. Editing Proof read –out loud –time out –peer Write up references Final draft –presentation

28. Submit! Final deadline Checklist Feedback

29. Student Learning Development Visit our website at: http://student-learning.tcd.ie Email qs to student.learning@tcd.ie Phone us on 01-8961407