1. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 1 Breanne Wooten Week 8: March 8 th, 2007 Human Factors/Integration/APM Taxi Capsule Crew Compartment Final Update Mars Taxi Emergency Airbags

2. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 2 TC/CC Final Update Crew size: 4 Mission length: 4 days # Missions: 4 Mass (kg) Power (kW) Volume ( m 3 ) Consumables426.100.53 Life Support158.30.0480.96 Accommodations959.01.146.7* Hardware2.030.632.37 Structure3.0001.87 Totals5.99 mt1.828.90** *Includes area for storage, which will store the rest of the accommodation volume **Total Enclosed Volume of TC/CC Model by Steve Kassab

3. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 3 Mars Taxi Emergency Airbags Impact Loading < 20 G’s Impact Velocity < 6.7 m/s Air Bag System Mass: 20 kg Vented Airbags –Main Airbag 6 Hexagonal Toroid Airbags –Auxiliary Airbag 1 Spherical Airbag –Other components Lasers Rangefinders Model by Steve Kassab

4. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 4 References [1] Bown, Nicholas W., Matthew G. Darley. “Advanced Airbag Landing Systems for Planetary Landers.” AIAA Paper 2005-1615, 2005 [2] Hanford, Anthony J. Ph.D., Advanced Life Support Baseline Values and Assumptions Document. NASA-Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Houston, Texas. 2004. [3] Larson W.J, and Linda Pranke. Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Crawfordsville. [4] Man-Systems Integration Standards. NASA-STD-3000. Revision B. NASA- Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. July 1995. Last updated: 6/15/05. [5] Taylor, Anthony P., Phillip R., “An Overview of the Landing System for the K-1 Launch Vehicle, Parachutes and Airbags.” AIAA Paper 97-1515, 1997.

5. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 5 List of TC/CC Components Consumables Oxygen Food Water Life Support Nitrogen (for pressurization) O 2 tanks LiOH Canisters Water Storage Waste Disposal Hardware Airlock Earth Heat Shield Deployable Parachute System Thermal Control System Accommodations Personal Hygiene Kit Hygiene Supplies Stowage Disposable Wipes Trash Bags Operational Supplies Restraints and mobility aids Tools Sleep Restraints Chairs For Mass, Power, Volume of components see TCCC_MPV spreadsheet

6. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 6 Mars Taxi Escape Tower Airbag - Stoke Equation used to find the stoke of the airbag (ref 1) To find the max stoke, assume the force of the parachute f p is zero. F is the maximum force allowed (20G’s) and v is the maximum velocity allowed (6.67m/s). This results in a stoke of 0.114 m. The vertical distance of the area bag must be more than the maximum stoke.

7. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 7 Mars Taxi Escape Tower Airbag - Geometry 2.309 m 2.0 m 2.62 60° Circular X-section r = 0.5m

8. AAE450 Project Aquarius Breanne Wooten 8 Surface Area of Main Airbag ≈ 6π/√(3)*(R 2 -r 2 ) = 40.8 m 2 R – Radius of Torus, r – x-section radius Mass of Main Airbag = SA*(ρ vectran + ρ silicon ) = 7.344 kg Volume of Main Airbag = 2π 2 Rr 2 = 9.869 m 3 Mass of Nitrogen needed: m = PVM/(RT) = 1.34 kg Surface Area of Aux. Bag = 4 πR 2 = 3.14 m 2 (R = 0.5 m) Mass of Aux. Airbag = SA*(ρ vectran + ρ silicon ) = 0.567 kg Volume of Aux. Airbag = 4/3 πR 3 = 0.523 Mass of Nitrogen needed: m = PVM/(RT) = 0.15 kg Total Airbag Mass = 7.344+1.34+0.567+0.15 = 9.4 kg Mars Taxi Escape Tower Airbag - Mass