1. Highway Functional Classification PEAR Workshop September 2009 Spencer Stevens, Planning Office Joe Hausman, Office of Highway Information Ed Christopher, Resource Center

2. Highway Functional Classification ► What? ► Why? ► How? ► Relationship to Federal-Aid ► Relationship to Design ► October 2008 HPMS memo

3. What is the function of a road? ► Provides mobility (arterials) ► Provides access (locals) ► Provides both (collectors)

4. Relationship to service

5. Functional Classification?

8. Why classify roads? ► There are approximately 4,000,000 miles of roads in the U.S. ► Some are more “important” than others

9. Why classify roads? ► Helps determine which level of government has responsibility ► Influences design ► Affects how they are funded ► Impacts Federal-Aid

10. Rural Illustration

11. Rural Guides SystemVMTMiles Principal arterials 30-55%2-4% All arterials 45-75%6-12% Collectors20-35%20-25% Locals5-20%65-75%

12. Highway Functional Classes (Rural Miles) ► Principal arterials 132,451 (4%) ► Minor arterials137,875 (4%) ► Major collectors434,090(14%) ► Minor collectors272,047(9%) ► Local 2,096,837(68%) ► Total 3,071,331

13. Urban Illustration

14. Urban Guides SystemVMTMiles Principal arterials 40-65%5-10% All arterials 65-85%15-25% Collectors5-10%5-10% Locals10-30%65-80%

15. Highway Functional Classes (Urban miles) ► Principal arterials76,033(9%) ► Minor arterials90,475(10%) ► Collectors89,310(10%) ► Local 628,369(71%) ► Total 884,187

16. Federal-Aid ► National Highway System  Principal arterials ► Surface Transportation Program  Arterials  Urban collectors  Rural major collectors

17. How? ► Group population centers and major travel generators ► Identify neighboring centers ► Connect the largest directly ► Connect the next group to the major centers

18. How? ► Considerations:  Arterials integrated network  Spacing  Changes at urban boundaries  Trip length  Diminishing returns

22. Urban Boundaries ► Urban clusters  Census block population density  Secondary criteria ► Urban Places  Political boundaries ► Adjusted boundaries

23. Design Considerations ► AASHTO’s Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2001 (Green book) ► Arterials – promote mobility and restrict access ► Locals – promote access and limit mobility

24. Design Features ► Speed ► Levels of service ► Alignment ► Width ► Clearances ► Grades

25. Urban Features ► Parking ► Lighting ► Curb & Gutter ► Sidewalks ► Utilities

26. Access Control ► Full control  Freeway ► Partial control  Medians  Grade separation  Signal timing  Limit driveways and entrances

27. Access Control Methods ► Land use ordinances ► Geometric design  Medians  Spacing median openings  Frontage roads ► Direct vs. indirect access ► Single vs. multiple access

28. HPMS Reassessment ► October 14, 2008 memo ► Recommends revisions to highway functional classification guidebook  Downplays the Urban/Rural distinction ► New HPMS classification schema used for 2010 data reporting ► Does NOT change any Highway Functional Classification Guidance or practice

29. Summary ► What is the function of roads? ► Why classify the roads?  Example of impact on design ► Which roads are eligible for Federal-Aid?

30. Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures ► It is just a guide ► Varies in practice by state ► Functional Class boundaries are not rigid ► Some states develop supplemental criteria ► www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fctoc.htm www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fctoc.htm

31. State University I-95 Main Street Campus Loop

32. Census Urban Boundary Industrial Park Industrial Blvd

33. Route 36 The village of Mesa Mesa View Road Red Rock Heights

34. Resource Page http://www.edthefed.com/fclass/

35. Yepper – We Can Assist You? Select Here http://www.dot.state.pa.us/Internet/Bureaus/pdPlanRes.nsf/PlanningAndResearchHomePage?OpenFrameset

36. Yunz Please Refer To…

37. Then Submit per…

38. FHWA Appreciates the Process!