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SOSC 103D Social Inequality in HK Lecture 17: Education
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L17: 08.11.06 Conceptions of Equality Inequality of Distribution (e.g. income and wealth inequality) Equality of Distribution/ Outcome: –Every person should have the same level of material goods and services –Every person should be treated equally regardless of ability and effort Inequality of Distribution Inevitable Inequality of Distribution Injustice
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L17: 08.11.06 Conceptions of Equality Inequality is acceptable if the structure of inequality is ‘open’ Equality of Opportunity: –Every person should have the same chance to access all social positions (attached with according rewards) –The government of universalistic criteria (on the basis of merit)
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L17: 08.11.06 Role of Education Maintain a fair and open stratification system Meritocracy: the central mechanism of occupational recruitment 1. Ensure the close association between individual merit and achievement 2. Allocation of social positions according to one’s educational achievement
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L17: 08.11.06 E.g. Hong Kong Correlations between educational achievement and occupational attainment: –Examination-oriented –Degree-oriented –Importance of credentials in getting and keeping high status occupations Correlations between merit and achievement:
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L17: 08.11.06 Merit Superior quality or worth; excellence (e.g. intelligence) A quality deserving praise or approval (e.g. effort) 2 modes of mobility system (norms) Sponsored mode (England) Contest mode (American)
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L17: 08.11.06 Sponsored vs Contest mode Remarks: –Ideal type of norms –Advantageous and disadvantageous Importance: –Qualifications of Elite in our society –Mission of education –Educational policies
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