1. Methods of Secretion

2. Protein Secretion

3. Type II Secretion (GEP) Sec dependent Signal peptide Chaperone 2 Stage E.gIgA-protease, Pertussis toxin, Serratia haemolysin

4. General Secretion Pathway (Type II)

5. Type II:Export

6. Type I Secretion Sec independent ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) COOH recognition peptide 1 Stage E.g cytolysins, hydrolases, B. pertussis adenylate cyclase

8. Type III Secretion

9. Sec independent Secretion co-translational Translocation into host cell Polar or non-polar secretion E.g Yersinia spp. Yops, Shigella IpaB, C & D; EPEC EspA, B, C, Tir

10. Paradigms of Host-Cell Interactions I: Enterobacter Vibrio cholera E coli spp. Shigella spp.

12. Cholera

14. Enteropathic E coli Serotypes and serogroups: e.g O111:H4, O111:H12 Virotypes:ETEC EAggEC EPEC EHEC EIEC

15. ETEC Similar to V. cholera in symptoms and colonization Causes “Traveller’s Diarrhea” Two toxins: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST)

16. EA GG EC Causes persistent diarrhea Resembles ETEC in colonization except that adherence to small intestinal cells non- uniform. Produce ST-like toxin and hemolysin-like toxin.

17. EPEC Like EA GG EC, adherence also in clumps. Causes attachment and effacement lesions. More invasive than ETEC or EA GG EC Induces inflammatory response.

18. EHEC Can cause acute kidney failure (hemolytic- uremic syndrome [HUS]) Disease similar to that of Shigella dysentary.

19. EIEC Symptoms similar to Shigella dysentary. Actively invades colonic cells with adjacent spread like Shigella, although no toxin produced.

21. Shigella

22. Shigella:Ics (Intercellular Spread)

23. Shigella Virulence Genes