1. Oklahoma Wind Power Initiative (OWPI) Tim Hughes (OU) Mark Shafer (OU) Troy Simonsen (OU) Jeremy Traurig (OU) Nick Mirskey (OU) Steve Stadler (OSU) Pete Earls (OSU)

2. Wind Energy: Cost of Wind-Generated Electricity 1980 to 2005 Levelized Cents/kWh

4. OWPI GOALS: Resource Assessment Policy Study Outreach Educational programs Community meetings Promote Economic Development

5. The Oklahoma Mesonet

6. 115 Active stations, spaced ~32 km 5-minute resolution data Standard Meteorological variables following WMO standards 10-meter wind speed and direction; scaled to 50-meters using: U/U r = (Z/Z r ) 1/6 Rural sites; generally good fetch conditions 1994-2000 data used in study

7. OWPAI

8. Oklahoma Wind Resource Maps Purple = class 5 or better, blue = class 4, lt. blue = class 3

9. Steps for Developing Models Review Mesonet site surroundings to qualify “fetch conditions” ofsite, using: –aerial photos (DOQQs) –vegetation (LU/LC) –site panorama photos Assign subjective ratings of ‘poor’, ‘fair’, ‘good’ or ‘excellent’

10. NORMAN Air Photo (zoomed) 250 m 500 m NORM wind rose

11. Steps for Developing Models Combine information from: Mesonet Station data (wind, pressure, temperature - 735,000 readings of each per station)  DEM elevation data  Vegetation data (roughness) Input into two different models: analytical model (Windmap) empirical model (using neural networks for non-linear relationship)

12. WindMap Software (Analytical) INPUTSOUTPUTS DEM Data Elevation Grid LULC (GAP) Map Roughness Grid 10 Meter Winds ArcView* WINDMAPWINDMAP Final Winds Map Power Density Map Turbine Output Map *A GIS Software Package

13. MODELED LONG-TERM AVERAGE WIND POWER DENSITY 50 METERS (164 FT.) Above Ground Level OWPI DRAFT 9/2001 Analytical model output

14. Neural Network (Empirical) Correlate wind power values calculated at Mesonet sites, with neural network scheme, to: –site elevations –north and south terrain exposures –north and south average roughness Get equations for wind power density as function of the above Fill in grid for whole state

15. Average Wind energy rose using wind data from 78 stations with ‘good-excellent’ rating on fetch conditions Wind energy in N + S wedges = 89% of total Realizable energy from turbines: > 95% from N & S 34 deg 146 deg 326 deg 214 deg North Wedge South Wedge

16. Sample calculated WPDs and elevation, terrain exposure, and roughness averages + 57 more …….

17. Wind Power Map for Oklahoma (Empirical Model using Neural Networks)

18. Analytical Model Findings Initial run underestimated wind power density at most Mesonet sites Linear regression of predicted vs. calculated wind power density yielded correction factor of 1.33 Better agreement with field data from validation site, but still under- estimates in Southeast Oklahoma

19. Empirical Model Findings Emphasizes ridge lines (areas of good exposure Low Roughness Good Terrain Exposure Compared to WindMap and Tower data, likely underestimates, especially in Southeast Oklahoma

20. NREL Resource Maps Purple = class 5 or better, blue = class 4, lt. blue = class 3

21. OWPI DRAFT 9/2001 Analytical Model

22. Empirical Model

23. OWPI’s Oklahoma Wind Climatology Products

24. Wind Climatology Cheyenne Mesonet Site Station ID: CHEY Class 3 Site (January ’94 – December ’00) Average 10 m Wind Speed = 5.70 m/s (12.8 mph) Average 10 m Power Density = 189 W/m 2

25. Cheyenne Wind Energy Rose

26. Cheyenne

28. For information on OWPI: Oklahoma Wind Power Initiative www.seic.okstate.edu/owpai Contact Tim Hughes: thughes@ou.edu For information on OREC: Oklahoma Renewable Energy Council www.seic.okstate.edu/OREC