1. CLIMAT (CLIMAT TEMP) History: 1935 – IMO (International Meteorological Organization) that mean monthly values of the main climatological elements at certain stations around the world should be exchanged between Meteorological Services at the beginning of the month following that in which the observations were taken; 1951, 1957 – WMO (World Meteorological Organization) confirmed the relevant resolutions of IMO and extended the scheme to include mean monthly values from ocean weather stations. The exchange of monthly aerological means from land stations and from ocean weather stations was also sponsored and recommended by WMO, as well as the reports of mean monthly pressure values from specific ocean areas.

2. Reasons: The scientific field: Circulation anomalies and/or climatic fluctuations; Medium- and/or long-range forecasting; The economic field:  droughts control;  locust control;  energy requirements; ....

3. Monthly reports: CLIMAT (SHIP) – report of monthly means and totals from a land (ocean) stations ; CLIMAT TEMP (SHIP) – report of monthly aerological means from a land (ocean) stations. NACLI, CLINP, SPCLI, CLISA, INCLI – reports of mean monthly pressures for the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, the South Pacific, the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, respectively.

4. Territory cover: The stations providing CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports are given in Volume A of WMO- No. 9, Weather reporting stations. The network of stations which will transmit CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports is established by resolutions of regional associations and their density is laid down in WMO Technical Regulation. The distribution of CLIMAT stations should be such that every 250 000 km 2 (500x500 km) is represented by one station; The distribution of CLIMAT TEMP stations should be such that every 1 000 000 km 2 (1000x1000 km) is represented by one station. Reports are transmitted not later than the fifth day of the following month.

5. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 0 – Header of the current report. Code name (“CLIMAT”) and location of observation point in the time (month and year) and in the space (station index). This section is mandatory; Section 1 – Monthly averaged meteorological values (pressure, temperature and other) at the month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0), including number of days missing from the records for monthly averaged values calculation. This section is mandatory. Section 2 – Monthly normal values (averaged over 30-year period) at the month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0), including number of years missing from the normal values calculation. This section is optional. Section 3 – Number of days in the month with parameters beyond certain thresholds during the current month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0). This section is optional. Section 4 – Extreme values and occurrence of thunderstorms and hail during the current month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0). This section is optional.

6. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII)

8. Section 0 – Header of the current report. Code name (“CLIMAT”) and location of observation point in the time (month and year) and in the space (station index). This section is mandatory;

9. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 0 – Header of the current report.

10. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 0 – Header of the current report.

11. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 1 – Monthly averaged meteorological values (pressure, temperature and other) at the month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0), including number of days missing from the records for monthly averaged values calculation. This section is mandatory.

12. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII)

13. Section 2 – Monthly normal values (averaged over 30-year period) at the month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0), including number of years missing from the normal values calculation. This section is optional.

14. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 3 – Number of days in the month with parameters beyond certain thresholds during the current month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0). This section is optional.

15. CLIMAT Reports (redaction of FM 71-XII) Section 4 – Extreme values and occurrence of thunderstorms and hail during the current month and at the meteorological station (both are referred to in Section 0). This section is optional.

16. General regulations for the code form FM 71–XII CLIMAT. 1.It is allowable for several CLIMAT reports to be joined in a single CLIMAT bulletin. For a bulletin the groups and shall be included as the first ones in the bulletin (the bulletin header) and shall not be repeated for each (or any particular) station in the bulletin. CLIMAT reports for any particular stations in the bulletin shall begin with (the station index) group. 2.A CLIMAT report/bulletin shall contain reports for one specific month only. 3.Monthly mean values shall be calculated on the base of daily mean values for the Local Station Time. 4.Section 0 and Section 1 are mandatory and they always shall be presented in any CLIMAT report. 5.Sections 2, 3 and 4 are optional and they are usually included in a CLIMAT report/bulletin on the base of acts and regulations for national Weather Services. 6.Distinctive groups (“”, “”, “”, and “”) for Sections 1-4 shall be included in a CLIMAT report if any of group from correspondent section is included in the CLIMAT report.

17. 7.Each group in Sections 1-4 has numerical predictors (“. These predictors shall be included in the every group. 8.When one or several parameters of a group are not available, the missing parameter(s) in the group shall be coded with an appropriate set of solidi “”. If all parameters of a group are not available, the group shall be omitted from the report. Numeration of predictors at beginning of each group in such case shall not be affected. 9.When all parameters for any of Sections 2-4 are missing, the corresponded Section shall be omitted. Numeration of distinctive groups at beginning of each Section in such case shall not be affected. 10.Groups with numerical predictors “” and “” (numbers of missing days) always shall be reported in Section 1 of the CLIMAT-report. 11.When all groups of Sections 1 are missing, the single group “” shall be coded instead of whole CLIMAT report and no other Sections shall be included in the CLIMAT report.

18. 12.When any parameters of Sections 0 are missing, the CLIMAT report shall not be distributed. 13.All groups in the report shall be separated by space ““.And no spaces may be included into any group. 14.The end of report mark “” should placed after the last section of the report without a space. 15.According to the WWW Regulations, CLIMAT reports should be provided by the 5th day of the month following the month to which the data refer, and not later than the 8th day. 16.The monthly data shall be coded in the code form which is in force during the month to which the data refer (e.g. if the CLIMAT code change is effective on 1 November, the CLIMAT data for October, transmitted in November, will be in the old code form; the first CLIMAT message in the new code form will be for November data, transmitted in December).