1. Smart Card File System (ISO 7816-4)MF DF EF
MF Master File (root directory, must always be present)
DF Dedicated File (directory file, can contain directory and data files)
EF Elementary File (data file)
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2. Smart Card File Names (ISO 7816-4)MF
FID File Identifier (2 bytes)
Reserved FIDs
3F00 MF root directory
0000 EF PIN and PUK # EF PIN and PUK #2
0001 EF application keys EF management keys
0002 EF manufacturing info EF card ID info EF card holder info EF chip info
3FFF file path selection
FFFF reserved for future use
FID File Identifier (2 bytes) DF
DF Name (1-16 Bytes) usually ISO AID EF
Short-FID (5bits)
FID File Identifier (2 bytes)
FID forming rules
• EFs in the same directory cannot have the same FID
• Stacked DFs cannot have the same FID
• EFs in a directory (MF oder DF) cannot have the same FID as the parent directory
Application Identifiers (AIDs)
• An AID consists of a 5 byte Registered Identifier (RID) containing a country code, an application category and a provider identifier plus an optional Proprietary Application Identifier (PIX) with a variable length of bytes.
• AIDs must be registered with an appointed national registration authority and are usually kept confidential.
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3. Smart Card Internal File Structure
EEPROM pages 100'000 write cycles 64 byte page size
Header
Body
pointer EF
Header: file structure info, access control rights, pointer to data body content changes never or seldom, protected from erasure
Body: data, content might change often, many write operations
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5. MULTOS A high security architecture
Apps needing high security can reside next to apps needing low security
Co-residence of multiple, inter-operable, platform independent applications
Dynamic remote loading and deletion of applications over the lifetime of a card
Achieved using the language MEL (MULTOS Executable Language)
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6. PC/SC
Architecture designed to ensure the following work together even if made by different manufacturers:
smart cards
smart card readers
computers
Differs from OpenCard because it offers API interoperability rather than uniform API
Designed for Windows environment with development in Visual C++
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7. Java card
The Java Card specifications enable Java technology to run on smart cards and other devices
Multi-Application Capable
- Java Card technology enables multiple applications to co-exist securely on a single smart card
Dynamic:
- New applications can be installed securely
Secure:
- relies on the inherent security of the Java programming language to provide a secure execution environment.
- platform's proven industry deployments and security evaluations ensure that card issuers benefit from the most capable and secure technology available today.
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10. How can the SMART card help in new channels?
To Managing Finances Securely and Conveniently
Entertainment on Demand
To store personal data for covenience on-line
Earning and redeeming rewards with Virtual Merchants
To Secure Virtual World Shopping with Credit (Chip SecureCode) or e-Cash
Virtual Health, Govt or other Services
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11. Proprietary Smart Card Operating Systems
Proprietary Chip OS developed in “native” code - specific to underlying silicon - to access chip functions. OS often dedicated to performing a single specific function – e.g. EMV
Data
Data
Data
Data E2 E2
Native
EMV
Code
Native
Loyalty
Code
Native
EMV
Code
Native
EMV
Code
Native
Loyalty
Code
ROM
ROM
Proprietary OS A
Proprietary OS B
OS code is fixed in the ROM of the chip, and cannot be changed after the chip is made.
Chip Hardware A
Chip Hardware B
Limited number of programmers able to make adaptations to proprietary OS – impact on time to market if changes / new functions required.
In order to multi-source silicon, native code must be redeveloped from scratch for new chip.
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Chip Hardware A
Chip Hardware B

12. KILLER Applications
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13. Operating System Options
Logical &
Physical Access
WIM
SIM
Loyalty
E-Purse
Credit/Debit
Open Platform (Card Manager & Security Domain) API
MULTOS by
Mondex
International
and
MAOSCO
Council
Windows
for
Smart Card by
Microsoft
and
Global
Platform
Java Card by
Sun Micro
and
Global
Platform or or
Multos
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18. Proximity Solutions for MULTOS
2 types of MULTOS “Dual-Interface” cards – supporting communication with the chip via both the contact plate and the contactless interface based on Proximity Standard - ISO 14443
Hitachi/DNP Contactless MULTOS: 36K EEPROM, Type B contactless interface, Available now
Supports both versions of Paypass transaction (contactless M/Chip 4, or Contactless Track 2 data) and in fact can execute ANY existing MULTOS application over the contactless interface.
Keycorp / Philips Contactless MULTOS, 16K EEPROM, MIFARE Type A contactless interface, Prototypes available now
Supports Mifare ticketing only. Full contactless MULTOS application execution planned for Q3 2004
250K issued for Japan Residential ID card
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19. Smart Card Corporate ID& E-Purse Multi-application system
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20. Smart toolz File creation utility
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21. What is RFID?
RFID is an ADC technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...
RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item
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22. Radio Frequency Identification
What is RFID
Tag enters RF field
RF signal powers tag
Tag transmits ID, plus data
Reader captures data
Reader sends data to computer
Computer determines action
Computer instructs reader
Reader transmits data to tag
Radio Frequency Identification
Label
(Transponder)
Reader/Antenna
(Interrogator)
Computer
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23. RFID Primer RFID Diagram: Note: The host is the software database...
Antenna
RF Module
Reader
Host Computer
Note: The host is the software database...
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24. RFID Primer
Antenna
RF Module
Reader
Host Computer
Note: The RF module creates radio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna…
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25. RFID Primer
Antenna
RF Module
Reader
Host Computer
Note: The RF module creates radio frequency (RF). It receives and transmits RF through the antenna…
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26. RFID Primer Note: Tag (transponder) is interrogated by the antenna....
RF Module
Tag
Reader
Host Computer
Note: Tag (transponder) is interrogated by the antenna....
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27. (Tag ID Communication)
RFID Primer
(Tag ID Communication)
Antenna
RF Module
Tag
Reader
Host Computer
Note: The antenna captures the tag ID number…first as analog RF waves, then it is converted to digital information.
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28. An RFID Tag Is A Portable Database
Interrogation Unit
Micro
Tx/Rx
Antenna
Tag
Computer
Radio Tx/Rx
RAM
ROM
CPU
I/O
Pwr Supply
Computer Network
Radio Tx/Rx
RAM
ROM
CPU
I/O
Pwr Supply
…A sophisticated computing and communications device
…A wireless extension of Information Systems
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29. What is RFID? -- The Tags Tags can be read-only or read-write
Tag memory can be factory or field programmed, partitionable, and optionally permanently locked
Bytes left unlocked can be rewritten over more than 100,000 times
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30. What is RFID? -- The Tags Tags can be attached to almost anything:
pallets or cases of product
vehicles
company assets or personnel
items such as apparel, luggage, laundry
people, livestock, or pets
high value electronics such as computers, TVs, camcorders
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31. Are All Tags The Same? Basic Types: Active Tag transmits radio signal
Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry
High Read Range (300 feet)
Passive
Tag reflects radio signal from reader
Reader powered
Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
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32. Are All Tags The Same? Memory Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +)
Variations:
Memory
Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +)
Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM
Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam
Arbitration (Anti-collision)
Ability to read/write one or many tags at a time
Frequency
125KHz GHz
Physical Dimensions
Thumbnail to Brick sizes
Price ($0.50 to $250)
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33. Types of Tags - Memory Segmentation
Read Only (Factory Programmed)
WORM - Write Once, Read Many times
Reprogrammable (Field Programmable)
Read/Write (In-Use Programmable)
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34. What is RFID? -- The Readers
Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as
Entrance/exit
Point of sale
Warehouse
Readers can also be mobile -- tethered, hand-held, or wireless
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35. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Advantages
Uses normal CMOS processing — basic and ubiquitous
Relative freedom from regulatory limitations
Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data at slow speeds and minimal distances
Penetrates materials well (water, tissue, wood, aluminum)
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36. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Disadvantages:
Does not penetrate or transmit around metals (iron, steel)
Handles only small amounts of data
Slow read speeds
Large Antennas -- compared to higher frequencies
Minimal Range
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37. <150 kHz (125 kHz & 134 kHz ) Disadvantages: Tag construction:
is thicker (than MHz)
is more expensive (than MHz)
more complex (requires more turns of the induction coil)
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38. RFID Primer…Frequencies
Smart Cards
Inductive Magnetic
Field Coupling:
13.56 MHz
(Popular Smart Card
Frequency)
Mid. Freq.
EAS AM CB
1 MHz
10 MHz
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39. 13.56 MHz Advantages Uses normal CMOS processing--basic and ubiquitous
Well suited for applications requiring reading small amounts of data and minimal distances
Penetrates water/tissue well
Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of the coil); lower costs to build
Higher data rate (than 125 kHz--but slower than higher MHz systems)
Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz)
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40. 13.56 MHz
Disadvantages
Government regulated frequency (U.S. versus Europe)
Does not penetrate or transmit around metals (unless very thick)
Large Antennas (compared to higher frequencies)
Larger tag size than higher frequencies
Tag construction: requires more than one surface to complete a circuit
Minimal Range
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41. Bar Codes vs. RFID
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42. RFID Applications Petrol Service Stations
In Singapore, the Mobil petrol service stations has already introduced RFID technology to implement their Speed Pass system to enable drivers to fill up the petrol and drive away. All information will be gathered automatically through RFID smart tags and customers’ bills can be settled through GIRO.
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43. RFID Application in Petrol Service Station
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44. RFID Application in a Factory Canteen
In the video, it is very interesting to notice that in the factory canteen’s environment, RFID tags are attached at the bottom of the plates to identify the cooked food and its price.
The staff of the factory need only to pick up the food on the tray and place the tray on top of a RFID reader.
The RFID reader will identify the products and its price. The staff need only to place the cash card to pay for the food.
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