1. Educational Standards Gronlund, Chapter 3 Burke, Chapter 1

2. Content Standards Describe what students should know and be able to do at the end of a specified period of learning Provide a framework for curriculum development

3. Performance Standards Specify the level of performance to be achieved

4. Benchmarks Expectations of student learning at different ages with relation to content standards –Statements of information and skills –Performance activities –Performance tasks

5. English Grade 2 Benchmark By the end of Grade 2, students recognize, understand and use a range of approximately 320 high-frequency words for listening and speaking, and to hear and say the phonemes /l/ /n/ /d/ /S/ /T/ /s/ /m/ /k/ /t/ /g/ /h/ in initial position in consonant- vowel-consonant (CVC) words.

6. Standards as Guideposts Synthesize educational goals Target student achievement Align curriculum systematically Notify the public of results Determine criteria for quality work Analyze data Refocus instructional methodology Dedicate resources to professional development Serve the needs of a diverse population