1. Slide: 1 MPEG-21 – Multimedia Framework Leonardo Chiariglione – Telecom Italia Lab IP networking and MEDIACOM-2004 Workshop Geneva, CH – 01/04/24

2. Slide: 2 MPEG - the beginnings o The rationale m Digital technologies destroy industry boundaries m Digital audio and video standards should be developed as generic technologies o The advantage of generic technologies m They can be used by multiple industries m They can be used to provide interoperability across industries o Communication standards are about interoperability!

3. Slide: 3 The achievements o MPEG-1 m Approved Nov 1992 - Error free environments o MPEG-2 m Approved Nov 1994 - Broadcast TV and package media o MPEG-4 m Approved Oct 1998 and Dec 1999 - Object based AV coding o MPEG-7 m To be approved Jul 2001 - Multimedia description o MPEG-21 m First standard approved Mar 2002 – Multimedia framework

4. Slide: 4 MPEG-1 - ISO/IEC 11172:1992 o Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s m Part 1 - MPEG-1 Systems - Program Stream m Part 2 - MPEG-1 Video for CD –I m Part 3 - MPEG-1 Audio m Part 4 – Conformance m Part 5 – Reference software

5. Slide: 5 The use of MPEG-1 o Video CD (>60 million players sold in China) o The format of audio and video for PC (MPEG-1 software decoders in Windows) o MPEG-1 Audio layer III (a.k.a. MP3) is widely used for Web music (more than 100 million software players) o Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) utilises MPEG-1 Audio layer II o Several types of MPEG-1 video cameras on sale

6. Slide: 6 MPEG-2 - ISO/IEC 13818:1994 o Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio m Part -1 Systems - joint with ITU m Part -2 Video - joint with ITU m Part -3 Audio m Part -4 Conformance m Part -5 Reference software m Part -6 DSM CC m Part -7 AAC - Advanced Audio Coding m Part -9 RTI - Real Time Interface

7. Slide: 7 The use of MPEG-2 o Over 50 million set top boxes for satellite/cable sold o Digital television VHF/UHF broadcasting o Over 30 million hardware DVD players sold o Several tens of million software DVD players sold o The MPEG-2 4:2:2 profile is largely used in the television production industry o MPEG-2 has created the entirely new digital television industry worth ~30 billion USD

8. Slide: 8 MPEG-4 - ISO/IEC 14496:1998 o Coding of audio-visual objects m Part 1 Systems m Part 2 Visual m Part 3 Audio m Part 4 Conformance m Part 5 Reference Software m Part 6 DMIF - Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework m Part 7 Optimized Software m Part 8 4 on IP m Part 9 Reference Hardware Description

9. Slide: 9 The use of MPEG-4 o MPEG-4 Video m adopted for visual communication in the mobile environment m used in WMF m Being requested by customers for all low bitrate applications m Huge open source movement o MP4 file format m adopted for visual communication in the mobile environment

10. Slide: 10 MPEG-7 – ISO/IEC 15938 o Multimedia content description interface m Part 1 Systems m Part 2 DDL - Description definition language m Part 3 Visual m Part 4 Audio m Part 5 Multimedia description schemes m Part 6 Reference software m Part 7 Conformance testing

11. Slide: 11 Role of MPEG standards – past and future o The past m MPEG technologies have been used to create infrastructures on which business can flourish m This happened in the simple transposition of the physical/analogue world to the digital world o The future m MP3, DviX and peer-to-peer protocols etc. have shown the power of digital content in peoples hands m These technologies have resulted in mass abuse of other peoples IPR because of the absence of an appropriate infrastructure

12. Slide: 12 MPEG-21 – The vision o A future where every human on the Earth is potentially an element of a network involving m billions of content providers m billions of value adders m billions of packagers m billions of service providers m billions of consumers m billions of resellers o To make this future real we need an infrastructure enabling electronic commerce of digital content

13. Slide: 13 Is MPEG trying to tame the hackers? o MPEG technologies have been used to innovate substantially the way people produce, offer, access and consume digital content o But MPEG has a also long history in working with the creative industries and rights holders communities on the identification, management and protection of intellectual property carried on systems designed to MPEG specifications.

14. Slide: 14 MPEG-21 - Method of work o Define a framework supporting the vision statement o Involve relevant bodies in this effort o Identify the critical technologies of the framework o Understand how the components of the framework are related and identify where gaps exist o For each of the non-available technologies m If they fall under the MPEG expertise then develop them m Else engage other bodies to achieve their development o Perform the actual integration of the technologies

15. Slide: 15 The basic elements of the framework o What m A Digital Item is a structured digital object with a standard representation, identification and metadata within the MPEG-21 framework. o Who m A User is any entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of a Digital Item. User A User B Transaction/Use/Relationship Digital Item Authorization/Value Exchange

16. Slide: 16 Example of Digital Item music compilation o music o photos o video o animation graphics o lyrics o scores o MIDI files o interview with the singers o news related to the song o statement by an opinion maker o rating of an agency o position in the hit list o navigational information driven by user preferences o bargains o...

17. Slide: 17 What Users can do Create content Provide content Archive content Rate content Enhance/deliver content Aggregate content Syndicate content Retail sale of content Consume content Subscribe to content Regulate content Facilitate transactions that occur from any of the above Regulate transactions that occur from any of the above

18. Slide: 18 The MPEG-21 technologies - 1 1. Digital Item Declaration a uniform and flexible abstraction and interoperable schema for declaring digital items 2. Digital Item Identification and Description a framework for identification and description of any entity regardless of its nature, type or granularity 3. Content management and usage interfaces and protocols to enable creation, manipulation, storage, delivery and (re)use of content across the content distribution and consumption value network

19. Slide: 19 The MPEG-21 technologies - 2 4. Intellectual Property Management and Protection The means to enable content to be persistently and reliably managed and protected across networks and devices 5. Content representation Digital representation of content as different media so that content can be moved and consumed seamlessly 6. Terminals and networks The means to provide interoperable and transparent access to content across networks and terminal installations

20. Slide: 20 The MPEG-21 technologies - 3 7. Event reporting metrics and interfaces that enable Users to understand precisely the performance of all reportable events within the framework

21. Slide: 21 Identification and Description Content Management and Usage The Multimedia Framework Terminals & Networks IPMP Content Represent- ation Digital Item Declaration Event Reporting Metrics & Interfaces User A User B Transaction/Use/Relationship Digital Item Authorization/Value Exchange

22. Slide: 22 MPEG-21 – Where we are - 1 o PDTR of Vision, Technologies and Strategy m FDTR approval: July 2001 o WD of Intellectual Property Management and Protection m FDIS approval: Mar 2002 o WD of Digital Item Declaration m FDIS approval: Mar 2002 o WD of Digital Item Identification and Description m FDIS approval: Jul 2002

23. Slide: 23 MPEG-21 – Where we are - 2 o Call for Requirements on Rights Data Dictionary and Rights Description Language m Deadline for responses: 1 Jun 2001 o Other Calls will be produced as requirements on other areas mature

24. Slide: 24 From the Call for Requirements o Standard ways of expressing information about intellectual property rights in the machine-to- machine network environment m Usage permissions expressed by producers and publishers down the delivery and value chain (downstream rights). m Define and manage the rights of creators and their relationship with producers and publishers (upstream rights) o Rights management solutions must look beyond individual media sectors to cover the IP industries as a whole

25. Slide: 25 Stay tuned to http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/