1. Course Construct : The DNA of Language Foundations of Grammar, EN 378 Introduction Dr. Eaton, Facilitator, Spring, 2007

2. Section Breakdowns in Grammar Sentence constructs Word Meaning Parts of Speech We will spend 3-4 weeks on each unit. This will help you to understand the constant relationship of these three elements that build our language.

3. Grammar Levels: Beyond the “Rules” Transformational (social Grammar) Language Purpose or Grammatical Purpose Structural (rule-based Grammar) Resources: Getting What you Want

4. Defining Language Etiquette English as Latin-based, stemming from Greek. Strong French, German and dialectical influences. English as a Romance or (semi-soft) language in terms of physical sounds. Not a tonal language although inflection or “stresses” on words form a tonal basis. Constantly evolving, jargon becomes mainstream.

5. Defining Language Etiquette, cont… What is Transformational? SOCIAL GRAMMAR (transformational) – Meaning, we adapt language to meet our specific needs or “Transform” it. Consider these levels of grammar. A problem occurs when we use one form of grammar not appropriate to a chosen social occasion. This is called Descriptive Grammar and must be considered equal to value in prescriptive grammar.

6. Three Grammar Forms There are three grammars in your head. 1) The “ease” Grammar – even is has rules. (slang, dialect, regionalism) 2) Formal prescriptive grammar – making sentences and understanding constructs. The social implications of usage – (why grammar 1 and grammar 2 don’t always lead to success in grammar 3)

7. Other Language issues in Chap.1 Correctness – what is simply “right” Preference based on environment. Language variety – absorption Edited American English Language change – Progressivism Language in the Classroom, Expectations - End chap 1 overview -

8. Structural Beginnings, the 8 parts of speech 1) the self test – how many do you know. Write them down. Did you have any which you thought were parts of speech? Did any of you label the Direct object and the indirect object as a part of speech? O.K, now that we know the three grammars and you’ve tested yourself, let’s begin by reviewing the first four of eight (and the two related DO and IO) today. Click on: Parts of speech (4)