1. Phase Alternation by Line (PAL): B,D,G,H,I,N,M) SystemPAL BPAL DPAL GPAL I Line/Field625/50 f H (kHz)15.625 f V (Hz)50 f SC (kHz)4.433618 BW (MHz)5655.5 f Sound (MHz)5.56.55.56 CountrySingaporeChinaAustraliaHK/UK

2. National Television System Committee (NTSC ) Also known as “Never The Same Color” Line Frequency - 15.734 kHz Number of Lines - 525 Field Frequency - 60 Hz Color Subcarrier Frequency - 3.579545 MHz Video Bandwidth - 4.2 MHz Sound Carrier - 4.5 MHz Adopted by USA, Japan, Taiwan, Korea South

3. SECAM (SÉquentiel Couleur À Mémoire") Line Frequency - 15.625 kHz Number of Lines - 625 Field Frequency - 50 Hz Color subcarrier Frequency - 4.40625 MHz/4.250 MHz Video bandwidth - B, G, H: 5.0 MHz; D,K,K1,L: 6.0 MHz Sound Carrier - B, G, H: 5.5 MHz; D,K,K1,L: 6.5 MHz Adopted by France, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tahiti U and V are FM onto a color subcarrier and transmitted sequentially with each line of video signal. A delay in the receiver pack pairs of U and V signals together, hence giving the term “Mémoire” as part of the standard’s name. MESECAM is adopted in VCR only with U and V being AM onto f SC.