1. Common IOOS Benefits …a personal view Common IOOS Benefits …a personal view Steven W. Lyons The Weather Channel

2. Personal view, personal bias? Who am I? Personal view, personal bias? Who am I? Grew up surfing(personal sector) Grew up surfing(personal sector) Marine studies/forecasts(private sector) Marine studies/forecasts(private sector) Navy research scientist(public sector) Navy research scientist(public sector) Research scientist GFDL(public sector) Research scientist GFDL(public sector) Wave/surf forecaster(private sector) Wave/surf forecaster(private sector) Professor(private sector) Professor(private sector) NWS trainer(public sector) NWS trainer(public sector) NHC forecaster(public sector) NHC forecaster(public sector) The Weather Channel(private sector) The Weather Channel(private sector)

3. From Oceans US Benefits From Oceans US Benefits Detecting and forecasting oceanic components of climate variability Detecting and forecasting oceanic components of climate variability Facilitating safe and efficient marine operations Facilitating safe and efficient marine operations Ensuring national security Ensuring national security Managing resources for sustainable use Managing resources for sustainable use Preserving and restoring healthy marine ecosystems Preserving and restoring healthy marine ecosystems Mitigating natural hazards Mitigating natural hazards Ensuring public health Ensuring public health

4. OUTLINE OUTLINE 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data 2) Diversity of Marine Needs 2) Diversity of Marine Needs 3) Common IOOS Benefits 3) Common IOOS Benefits

5. 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data

6. The Private Sector is Diverse The Private Sector is Diverse 1) Instrument makers 1) Instrument makers 2) Instrument users 2) Instrument users 3) Data collectors 3) Data collectors 4) Data processors 4) Data processors 5) Data users 5) Data users 6) Real-time data users 6) Real-time data users 7) Non-real time users 7) Non-real time users 8) Data Value adders 8) Data Value adders 9) Applied users 9) Applied users 10) Research users 10) Research users 11) Individual users 11) Individual users

7. Private Sector Ocean Data Users Are Highly Diverse! Private Sector Ocean Data Users Are Highly Diverse! Oil Companies Oil Companies Shipping Companies Shipping Companies Ship Routing Companies Ship Routing Companies Cruise Ship Companies Cruise Ship Companies Airline Companies Airline Companies The Media The Media Fishing Companies Fishing Companies Stock Traders Stock Traders Chemical Companies Chemical Companies Sewage Treatment Companies Sewage Treatment Companies Salvage Companies Salvage Companies Travel Agencies Travel Agencies Ocean Recreation Companies Ocean Recreation Companies Coastal Engineers Coastal Engineers Air & Water Pollution Companies Air & Water Pollution Companies The General Public, etc. The General Public, etc.

8. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION MARINE DATA USERS ARE DIVERSE MARINE DATA USERS ARE DIVERSE

9. 2) Diversity of Marine Data Needs

10. Data “types” within the private sector are highly varied! Data “types” within the private sector are highly varied! Government data Government data Military data (private) Military data (private) Public data Public data Private data Private data Modified/value-add data Modified/value-add data Modified disseminated data Modified disseminated data Compiled data Compiled data

11. Many applications of “base data” are highly varied and diverse Many applications of “base data” are highly varied and diverse Many of the required “base data” are redundant Many of the required “base data” are redundant NWS marine survey: local customers preferred observations to forecasts because they were more “reliable” than forecasts and most customers data use was short term (hours)! NWS marine survey: local customers preferred observations to forecasts because they were more “reliable” than forecasts and most customers data use was short term (hours)!

12. Much of the Private Sector is “Value Add” Much of the Private Sector is “Value Add” Many cannot afford to collect data themselves Many cannot afford to collect data themselves Many make money on data repackage/dissemination Many make money on data repackage/dissemination Many make money modifying data to “products” Many make money modifying data to “products” Many make money on modified “services” Many make money on modified “services” Some have spent much money to value add to existing “public data” for applied products and services (Insurance Industry is a good example of this), the result is confidential data that may or may not be sold Some have spent much money to value add to existing “public data” for applied products and services (Insurance Industry is a good example of this), the result is confidential data that may or may not be sold

13. Some companies with confidentiality, competition risks or unique needs take their own observations Some companies with confidentiality, competition risks or unique needs take their own observations Salvage Salvage Oil exploration Oil exploration Oil drilling Oil drilling Fishing Fishing Cruise Ships Cruise Ships Energy traders Energy traders Forensic Forensic General Public General Public

14. Examples of Basic Data Manipulation Examples of Basic Data Manipulation Marine site climatology from basic data Marine site climatology from basic data Engineering “quantities” from basic data Engineering “quantities” from basic data Shallow water “quantities” from basic deep water data Shallow water “quantities” from basic deep water data

15. Value-add is often a unique “trademark” of private sector businesses Value-add is often a unique “trademark” of private sector businesses Media collection of weather/marine data often a part of customer interactions Media collection of weather/marine data often a part of customer interactions Most media makes “sole-source” graphics of data they present, some is value add Most media makes “sole-source” graphics of data they present, some is value add

16. Some Marine Products Needed Private Sector Users Some Marine Products Needed Private Sector Users MARINE SHIPPING MARINE SHIPPING Waves (& direction) Waves (& direction) Wave period Wave period Wave steepness Wave steepness Swells Swells Winds Winds Tides Tides Currents Currents Icing Icing Ice bergs Ice bergs Visibility Visibility SST? SST? Wave Climatology Wave Climatology Wind Climatology Wind Climatology Forecasts Forecasts

17. Some Marine Products Needed OIL COMPANIES OIL COMPANIES Winds (thresholds) Winds (thresholds) Waves/Swells (thresholds) Waves/Swells (thresholds) Wave Periods (thresholds) Wave Periods (thresholds) Maximum waves (climo.) Maximum waves (climo.) Maximum winds (climo.) Maximum winds (climo.) Lightning Lightning Currents/ Temperatures(multiple levels) Currents/ Temperatures(multiple levels) Tides Tides Marine Climatology Marine Climatology Visibility Visibility Weather forecasts Weather forecasts

18. Some Marine Products Needed COMMERCIAL FISHING COMMERCIAL FISHING Waves Waves Wave steepness Wave steepness Winds Winds SST SST Vertical sea temperature Vertical sea temperature Tides Tides Currents Currents Visibility Visibility Sonar Sonar Icing Icing Ice bergs Ice bergs Forecasts Forecasts

19. Some Marine Products Needed Some Marine Products Needed MARINE RECREATION MARINE RECREATION Waves Waves Wave period Wave period Tides (& estuary tides) Tides (& estuary tides) Breaking waves Breaking waves Swell & direction Swell & direction Lightning Lightning SST SST Vertical sea temperatures Vertical sea temperatures Mostly coastal currents Mostly coastal currents Rip currents Rip currents Air temperature Air temperature Cloud cover Cloud cover Visibility Visibility Water clarity/visibility Water clarity/visibility Biological & chemical hazards Biological & chemical hazards

20. Some Marine Products Needed GENERAL PUBLIC GENERAL PUBLIC LIFEGUARDS LIFEGUARDS Winds Winds Breaking waves & direction Breaking waves & direction Rip Currents Rip Currents SST SST Air temperature Air temperature Coastal Currents Coastal Currents Cloud cover Cloud cover Lightning Lightning Rain Rain Visibility Visibility Ocean visibility/turbidity Ocean visibility/turbidity Biological & chemical hazards Biological & chemical hazards

21. Some Marine Products Needed Coastal Engineers Coastal Engineers Building Companies Building Companies Wave/swell climatology Wave/swell climatology Tide climatology Tide climatology Wind climatology Wind climatology Erosion climatology/history Erosion climatology/history Extreme events climatology/return periods Extreme events climatology/return periods Surge/setup climatology Surge/setup climatology Visibility climatology Visibility climatology

22. Some Marine Products Needed TV TV RADIO RADIO INTERNET INTERNET PHONE PHONE Air temperature Air temperature SST SST Winds-coastal Winds-coastal Breaking waves Breaking waves Visibility Visibility Cloud cover Cloud cover Rip Currents Rip Currents Lightning Lightning Sea roughness Sea roughness Tides Tides Highs & Lows Highs & Lows

23. Summary Diversity of Marine Data Needs Summary Diversity of Marine Data Needs Although there are diverse marine data applications and needs, there are many data commonalities Although there are diverse marine data applications and needs, there are many data commonalities Winds Winds Waves/Period/Direction Waves/Period/Direction Swells/Period/Direction Swells/Period/Direction SST SST Tides Tides “Weather” “Weather” IN MANY CASES HIGH SPATIAL & TEMPORAL IN MANY CASES HIGH SPATIAL & TEMPORAL RESOLUTION MARINE DATA ARE ESSENTIAL RESOLUTION MARINE DATA ARE ESSENTIAL

24. Common IOOC Benefits Common IOOC Benefits

25. COMMON IOOS BENEFITS COMMON IOOS BENEFITS Detecting and forecasting oceanic components of climate variability* Detecting and forecasting oceanic components of climate variability* Facilitating safe and efficient marine operations* Facilitating safe and efficient marine operations* Ensuring national security* Ensuring national security* Managing resources for sustainable use* Managing resources for sustainable use* Preserving and restoring healthy marine ecosystems* Preserving and restoring healthy marine ecosystems* Mitigating natural hazards* Mitigating natural hazards* Ensuring public health* Ensuring public health* * private *public * public & private sectors * private *public * public & private sectors

26. SUMMARY SUMMARY 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data (high) 1) Diversity of Marine Users & Data (high) 2) Diversity of Marine Needs (low & high) 2) Diversity of Marine Needs (low & high) 3) Common IOOS Benefits (all can benefit) 3) Common IOOS Benefits (all can benefit)

27. THE END