1. Colorado 14ers, pixel by pixel: An exercise in mountain geography Brandon J. Vogt, PhD Department of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Colorado Colorado Springs

2. Description Colorado 14ers, pixel by pixel is an undergraduate mountain geography-themed exercise that: – Synthesizes a suite of emerging geospatial tools and introduces web publishing – Explores issues of scale and measurement that are inherent to digital data explorations – Highlights examples of geomorphic and anthropogenic processes in a mountain landscape – Elucidates the reciprocal relationship between form and process in physical geography – Uses raster analysis to verify criteria used to determine what makes a Colorado 14,000 ft. + summit a true 14er? – Helps articulate to students ‘what geographers do’ – Is web-based and online here Is web-based and online here

3. Purpose The exercise was developed with five purposes in mind: 1.Minimize intimidation: Students should be introduced gently to geospatial technologies 2.Talk the talk: Students should enter upper-level geography courses armed with basic computer skills and a diverse geospatial toolkit 3.Scale is king: Students should internalize how digital geography (e.g., GIS) is influenced by scale 4.Human impacts: Students should be able to identify natural as well as anthropogenic impacts to a landscape 5.What geographers do: Students should conceptualize through interesting case studies what geographers do

4. Learning objectives The learning objectives require students to successfully use: – Roving windows to create DEM variety, slope, and hillshade – A map calculator to convert units and to subset elevations – Contour lines to visualize topography and to compare different map resolutions – Tools of geomorphometry to articulate why a certain summit that exceeds 14,000 feet is not a true 14er – Web pages and a web server to display and share maps and map interpretations

5. Gradable items Students post all gradable items to their UCCS personal web space: – Students create four digital images (maps) using GIS software – Students answer nine questions – Students place images and text on a web page – Students transfer web page to internet – Instructor grades work by visiting student web page

6. Data and software requirements Data – A freely-available US Geological Survey digital elevation model (DEM): – Students download or obtain from instructor two map resolutions (10 and 30 m) of the Alma, CO 1:24,000 DEM Software – Software required include: – Windows Explorer – ESRI ArcMap with Spatial Analyst Extension – Adobe Photoshop – Adobe Dreamweaver – Secure Shell File Transfer – A web browser

7. Sample of issues addressed in exercise Why are the two sets of contour lines not parallel despite being drawn on the same map product? What new patterns appear on the DEM by simply changing the orientation of the light source?

8. Sample of issues addressed in exercise Why are the two maximum elevations different despite being measured from the same map product? From this variety measure (variety serves a proxy for roughness), what processes can be extracted?

9. Exercise available on-line here: http://www.uccs.edu/~bvogt/ges205/labs/co_14ers_px_x_px.html