1. Requirements Analysis 7. 1 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved INFO2005 Requirements Analysis Story-Boarding and Interactive Techniques Department of Information Systems

2. Requirements Analysis 7. 2 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives v Understand issues in requirements analysis for interactive software v Understand role of prototyping v Understand role and characteristics of story boards as a form of prototype v Appreciate process of storyboarding

3. Requirements Analysis 7. 3 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Multimedia and Interactive Systems v Interactive / multimedia software focuses heavily on user interaction with the system v E.g. consider a 3D games application –Significant processing may occur, hidden from users –But for such a system, quality of user experience is a major part of requirements

4. Requirements Analysis 7. 4 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Multimedia and Interactive Systems v Besides games, for what other types of application does this hold true?

5. Requirements Analysis 7. 5 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Role of Prototypes v Critically important to carry out some kind of prototyping v Extent of prototyping depends on: v Prototypes fulfil all the familiar needs…

6. Requirements Analysis 7. 6 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Role of Prototypes v Appropriate use of prototypes can... v …Help to elicit subtle requirements: v …Increase understanding of known requirements (all the above and more)

7. Requirements Analysis 7. 7 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Role of Prototypes v Appropriate use of prototypes can also... v …Help check v …Help with v …Save

8. Requirements Analysis 7. 8 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Kinds of Prototype v Prototypes differ from formal models in that they look like the intended software v Wide range of possible technologies v At one extreme: ‘Paper CASE’

9. Requirements Analysis 7. 9 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Story Boards v Originally adapted from film, television and cartoon industry, story boards are a form of prototype v “a cartoon strip or series of thumbnail sketches representing successive screen contents and output media, section divisions and relationships and navigation links”

10. Requirements Analysis 7. 10 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Why Storyboard in Sys. Development? v Much like film, video or cartoon, depends on nature and scale of project v For simple software with short development time, story board is just a rough design aid v For complex projects with multidisciplinary team, story boards may be explicit part of requirements elicitation and documentation

11. Requirements Analysis 7. 11 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Skills for Effective Storyboarding v Consider an interactive instruction package v Creating a storyboard requires: –subject domain expertise –knowledge of instructional techniques –graphic design skills –understanding of human-computer interaction –program design and implementation skills –project management skills

12. Requirements Analysis 7. 12 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Development of a Story Board v The next three slides show stages in the development of a story board for an instruction package v From first rough draft to final software v Don’t try to read them - the resolution is way too poor for this!

13. Requirements Analysis 7. 13 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved First Draft:

14. Requirements Analysis 7. 14 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Developed Storyboard

15. Requirements Analysis 7. 15 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Implemented Software

16. Requirements Analysis 7. 16 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved v All three preceding examples are from Sarah Price, 1999 “The Art of Storyboarding” at: www.icbl.hw.ac.uk/~sprice/ctl/index.html#storyb oard (Learning Technology Centre, Heriot-Watt University)

17. Requirements Analysis 7. 17 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved What a Storyboard Includes v Can express everything that can be seen, heard or experienced by the user of a multimedia program

18. Requirements Analysis 7. 18 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved

19. Requirements Analysis 7. 19 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved v …And the next slide shows a fragment of a navigation storyboard...

20. Requirements Analysis 7. 20 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved

21. Requirements Analysis 7. 21 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved v Both preceding examples are from Adrian Mallon, 1995 “Storyboarding Multimedia” at: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/adrian_mallon_multimed ia/story.htm

22. Requirements Analysis 7. 22 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Interactive Storyboarding v Traditionally story boards were paper-based v A number of software packages support interactive storyboarding v E.g. multimedia authoring tools:

23. Requirements Analysis 7. 23 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Interactive Storyboarding v Several purpose-built packages also exist: v See for example: –www.boardmastersoftware.com –www.powerproduction.com –www.filmmakerstore.com v (Most still intended for the film industry)

24. Requirements Analysis 7. 24 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Interactive Storyboarding v Interactive (software) storyboarding can give further productivity gains v Software can also help document the software development process

25. Requirements Analysis 7. 25 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved Summary v Issues in requirements analysis for interactive software v Role of prototyping v Role and characteristics of story boards as a form of prototype v Process of storyboarding

26. Requirements Analysis 7. 26 Storyboarding - 2005b507.ppt © Copyright De Montfort University 2000 All Rights Reserved References v Mallon, A. (1995) “Storyboarding Multimedia”, ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/adrian_mallon_multimedia/story.htm v Price, S. (1999) “The Art of Storyboarding”, www.icbl.hw.ac.uk/~sprice/ctl/index.html#storyboard For further reading, consult a multimedia development text, e.g: v Bunzel, M. and Morris, S. (1994) “Multimedia Applications Development”, New York.