1. IS Consulting Process (IS 6005) Masters in Business Information Systems 2006 / 2007 Programme in Professional Information System Practices Fergal Carton Business Information Systems

2. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Last week Consulting project examples –ERP projects: big-bang or phased approach? –Vital role of consultants: availability, courageousness and tenacity –Telephone company uses Tel no. to identify customers! –Catering trade: 14% stock loss, use of IT for control Gap analysis example: colour coded “fit” of ERP to actual processes PCB case studies presented (groups 2,3,5 & 6) –Skills a key issue in implementation debate (Project Mgt, IT support, PU’s, …) –Structured process overview diagram a good communication tool –Top down approach, talk to managers first: protocol and common courtesy –Including regional users in requirements specification

3. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process This week Homework: how to reconcile Requirements Specification (wish list) with ERP generic processes? ERP Finance modules for UCC –Scope –System requirements –Responding to an ITT / RFP Requirements definition report –Functional requirements by dept, process, module, … Consulting profession

4. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Gap analysis: expectation mgt Describe existing processes –Document how things are currently done –Review inputs and outputs of current process (screens, forms, reports) –Outline problems with current way of doing things (speed, risk of error, …) –What improvements are expected from system (single point of data entry, faster reports, less manual work, …) How to design and communicate the proposed solution –Review requirements documentation: answer with –Walk-through solution –Get sign-off from users

5. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Scope Robson Discrepancy Map Sammon and Adam, 2004

6. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process What is meant by scope? Reconciling technological necessities of the system with business needs ERP systems impose their own logic Balancing the way you want to work with the way the system will let you work 2 stage model for scope decisions –Choice of modules (Purchasing, AP, …) –Configuring the system to your way of working Davenport, 1998

7. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Other scope definitions Number of modules Number of functional units affected Number of sites Extent of customisation Number of interfaces with legacy applications Bingi, 1999

8. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process UCC Finance – Phase 1 General Ledger Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable PurchasingCash Fixed Assets Budgeting and Forecasting Reporting

9. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process UCC Finance - modules General Ledger Accounts Payable/Creditors ledger including Tax Compliance Reporting Accounts Receivable/Debtors ledger/Invoicing Procurement Management Purchase Order Processing Cash Book, Cash Receipts, Cash Forecasting Capital Project Accounting Fixed Asset Register and Management Research Accounting Budgeting and Forecasting Tax Compliance & Reporting Costing Report Writers System Manager

10. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process System requirements System requirements describe the needs and desires of an information system –Must-have –Nice-to-have Requirements can be categorised as –Functional (an action) Eg. the system should process a spending request –Non-functional (a feature or constraint) Eg. budgets are confidential to the department concerned

11. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process UCC Finance requirements For each requirement, a rating has been provided, as follows: *MMandatory *IImportant; *DDesirable (‘nice to have’)

12. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process

14. Extent of customisation Response to RFT included contractual response to Level of Fit: –A : standard functionality inaccurate response from vendor may misrepresent the ability of the software to deliver a functionality –B, C, E: alternative functionality, workaround or modification Notion of workaround misleading : not a once off “fix” Total time = workaround time * number of transactions Remember the Pareto principle : 10% functionality will give 90% of headache

15. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process How to manage the risk? Prioritise functionality : what is the 10%? Process for identifying incorrect A’s Allocate Bs and Cs to mini-project leaders

16. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Requirements Definition Report Introduction –Purpose –Background –Scope General Project Description –System Objectives Requirements and constraints –Functional requirements –Non-functional requirements Conclusion –Outstanding issues Appendix (eg. Questionnnaires & responses)

17. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Is IT consulting a profession? IT and “Consultant”

18. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Is IT consulting a profession? IT and “Project Manager”

19. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process What do consultants do? Tell you what you already know? Guarantee project completion? Take ownership of issues? Energise an existing project team? Cost you a lot of money?

20. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process What do consultants not do? Give the answer up front Give their services for free Make a client look bad Replace client’s own staff Get involved in politics

21. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Information Systems Types of assistance –High level strategy –Feasibility study –Requirements specification –Package selection –Understanding costs of IS operations –… Know-how that you bring to the table –Frameworks to present and prioritise requirements –Trading off requirements when you can’t do everything –Technology and business awareness: best practice –Project management skills –Communication skills –…

22. MBS (BIS) / 6005 / IS Consulting Process Consulting process Process of consulting –Understand the requirement Why is client using a consultant? –What is the value you can bring to project? –Writing a proposal –Estimating FTE’s Project management –Project phases and tasks –Project resources –Deliverables –Profitability of contract –Communication with client