1. Lab 6: Writing Style and Notes on APA Introductions Andrew Reineberg 10-12-11

2. More notes on your first assignment Word choice Correlation/causation Interactive relationships

3. Word Choice Affect/Effect – The authors note the strong effect (noun) of alcohol on the ability to operate heavy machinery. – Alcohol affects (verb) a person’s judgment.

4. Causation and Correlation Be very careful with your wording. Correlational data does not imply causation For example, – “…women rated more highly on attractiveness were approached more frequently by others, and therefore were more popular overall.” Implies causation: attractiveness > approach > popularity – A better version: “The authors found a strong correlation between attractiveness and number of approaches in a social setting. Perhaps this relationship speaks to the commonly perceived link between popularity and attractiveness/approach.” –or something like that depending on the motivation of the study Does not imply that popularity is caused by attractiveness.

5. Interactions Be aware that specific wording must be used when talking about how independent variables relate to each other Example: – What is relationship between word problem success and SAT scores – Next slide 

6. Word problems and SAT scores DV: math word problem performance IVs: SAT math, SAT verbal Possible relationships: – A significant relationship between math word problem performance and SAT math was found. – A significant relationship between math word problem performance and SAT verbal was found. – A significant interaction was found such that the degree to which SAT math predicts math word problem performance depends on SAT verbal. – See board for graphical representations. This is an “additive” interaction.

7. Next Week’s Assignment APA style introduction – 1 title page – NO abstract – 4 pages text 12 pt font (times new roman or calibri) Double spaced 1 inch margins on all sides – Separate References section 8 references minimum (10 in final paper)

8. Title Page “Running Head: IS IN ALL CAPS” – In “header” with page number on right Title: “The Effects of Music Tempo on Word List Recall” – Brief but informative – Can be catchy/clever but doesn’t have to be

9. Title cont’d Author Affiliation Andrew Reineberg University of Colorado Boulder Title and Author Affiliation are centers and in middle of page

10. Body of Intro Please review slides from last week’s class I will be grading on those points plus APA formatting Cite in text properly Avoid quotes – Use your own words to effectively summarize other people’s work

11. Review of Last Week Start with your title, not “Introduction” Introduce your topic Why is your topic important? How does it relate to previous studies? What are your hypotheses? Briefly explain how your approach solves the problems proposed in the literature.

12. References Section Should be its own section on a new page: References Organize by alphabet not order you cite them Points will be taken off for even minor formatting errors…

13. One way ANOVA review Categorical variable predicting a continuous variable – E.g. – Is operation span score (continuous) predicted gender (categorical, M vs. F) Open up website and download the files – Same as every other week except – Save script as Analysis6.R