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Adaptive immunity How can the immune system recognize so many different (previously unseen) insults? How does the immune system learn? How do B cells produce.

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Presentation on theme: "Adaptive immunity How can the immune system recognize so many different (previously unseen) insults? How does the immune system learn? How do B cells produce."— Presentation transcript:

1 Adaptive immunity How can the immune system recognize so many different (previously unseen) insults? How does the immune system learn? How do B cells produce antibodies?

2 Antibody production after immunization

3 Irradiation prevents immune response

4 Which cells can restore the immune response?

5 Origins of lymphocytes

6 B cells T C (Cytotoxic T cells) T H (Helper T cells) Also function in immune system

7 Origins of lymphocytes

8

9 Antibody protein structure

10 B cell activation Each naïve B cell makes a single type of antibody with a unique binding specificity Upon activation the naïve B cell proliferates and produces progeny that secrete that antibody

11 Antibody production after immunization

12 Clonal selection

13 Primary response Secondary response

14 Antibody action: Activation of Complement Adaptive immunity (Innate immunity)

15 Antibody action: Action of Complement

16 Antibody action: IgG-mediated phagocytosis

17 Antibody action: IgA is secreted

18 Antibody action: IgE stimulates histamine production

19 Antibody structure Determines antibody class

20

21 Human heavy chain gene-segment pool 51 x 27 x 6 = 8262 possible H chain variable regions 40 x 5 = 200 possible  light chain variable regions 116 possible chain variable regions 2.6 million possible antigen binding sites from gene segment combinations IgM IgG IgD IgE IgA

22 Human heavy chain gene-segment pool 51 x 27 x 6 = 8262 possible H chain variable regions 40 x 5 = 200 possible  light chain variable regions 116 possible chain variable regions 2.6 million possible antigen binding sites from gene segment combinations

23 Human  light- chain gene rearrangement

24 Ab gene usage in a pre-B cell (allelic exclusion)

25 Clonal selection

26 Memory cells: Somatic hypermutation in V regions Class switching


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