1. stock certificate

2. “Black Tuesday” headline (October 29, 1929)

3. Wall Street, Oct. 1929

4. stock market crash

5. stock market graph

6. evicted family

7. Depression billboard

8. Depression homeless

9. homeless camp

10. hobos

11. homeless children

12. “Hooverville”

13. Hooverville children

14. President Herbert Hoover (1929- 1933)

15. soup kitchen

16. Bonus Army outside capitol (1932)

17. burning of Bonus Army shacks (1932)

18. decreasing banks (1926-1940)

19. “bank run”

20. Causes of Great Depression Troubled industries: coal mining and textiles Farmers 1. Expenses rising faster than income 2. Not reducing production > lower crop & livestock prices 3. Large bank debts from good times in W.W.I Stock market crash (October 1929) 1. Resulting loss of confidence in financial system 2. Bankruptcy for some investors 3. Fear > rich people reducing investing and spending International depression > drop in trade Overproduction of factory goods (1920s rising productivity) Wages not keeping up with prices 5,000 bank closings (1929-1932) >reduced credit Too many urbanites and suburbanites Increased tariffs > lower American imports and exports

21. Results of depression Rising unemployment (3 % in 1929 > 25 % in 1933) Many workers: fewer hours, and pay cuts Rising homelessness Deflation (lower prices) Lower marriage and birth rates Lower tax revenues to governments Rising expenses for governments (helping needy) Rising strain on charities like Red Cross Decreased business investment and consumer spending Breakup of families Families doubling up or growing food Rising crime Drop in college students Urban “Hoovervilles” 1930 -1934: 1 million families losing farms “Bonus Army” riot (Washington, D.C. ; 1932)

22. Hoover administration’s reaction Urging business owners not to lay off workers or lower wages Urging private charities to help needy (“soup kitchens”) Public-works projects (schools, dams, highways) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) in 1932 > loaning money to banks, railroads, and insurance companies Opposing direct financial help to citizens Reducing income taxes Loans for defaulting homeowners